الفهرس 
Aim of The WorkOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA), a common cause of noncicatricial alopecia. It is characterized by a gradually progressive transformation of terminal hair follicles to miniaturized hair in genetically predisposed males and females and defined by various patterns,
The prevalence increases with advancing age; however, the age of onset and rate of progression are variable.
The 3 key features of pathogenesis of androgenic alopecia are (1) alteration of hair cycle dynamics, (2) follicular miniaturization and (3) inflammation.
Over the past two decades, there is evidence showing the association between AGA and MetS which is a combination of hypertension, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, impaired fasting glycemia and insulin resistance which has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Irisin, the shed extracellular domain of a transmembrane protein called FNDC5, was discovered as a novel polypeptide and myokine mainly produced in response to physical activity and contraction and as a central regulator of muscle and fat metabolism. It is a novel hormone that has been proposed to play a significant role in energy homeostasis and obesity.
It is reported that moderate increase in circulating irisin levels augments energy expenditure, protects against diet-induced weight gain and alleviates insulin resistance.
Previous studies in rodents and humans have raised hypotheses on potential associations between circulating irisin levels and energy expenditure, metabolic parameters including diabetes status, and/or other adipokines. It also examined relationships between irisin and MetS, insulin resistance, and/or CVD risk after adjusting for potential confounders.
The aim of study was to assess irisin hormone immunohistochemical expression in the scalp of AGA patients and its possible association with MetS.
The study included 66 patients with AGA divided into 22 male patients (male pattern baldness), 22 female patients (female-pattern baldness), and 22 subjects as controls. They were selected randomly from the Outpatient dermatology Clinic, Menoufia University hospital.
A written consent approved by the Local Ethical Research Committee at Menoufia Faculty of Medicine was signed by every participant in this study.
All patients were subjected to full history taking, general and dermatological examination, anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist circumference), BP determination, measurement of fasting blood glucose, and lipid profile. Two 4 mm punch biopsies were taken from each subject; one for routine histopathology and one for immunohistochemical staining by polyclonal antibody against FNDC5 (Irisin).
Age of patients ranged between 23-58 years with mean ± SD age of (36.36±9.62), while, age of controls ranged between 23-55 years with mean ± SD age of (38.09±8.93).