الفهرس 
Aim of the workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Ametropia (Refractive error of the eye); There are different ametropias, which can be present isolated or in combination. The spherical ametropias are Myopia, or near-sightedness, and hyperopia, or far-sightedness. Furthermore, there is astigmatism, which can be present in isolation or in combination with myopia or hyperopia. Lastly, presbyopia, or the decrease in accommodative ability. The refractive status, corneal thickness, and keratometry are important parameters used in the evaluation and management of corneal pathologies. Specifically, they are indispensable when planning refractive surgery. These parameters affect the type of refractive procedure chosen and are the basis for laser ablation programming. The refractive status, corneal thickness, and keratometry are also important in risk assessment prior to surgery. Therefore, it is important to better understand these components and evaluate possible relationship between them. The desire to image the eye’s anterior segment has fueled a remarkable development of imaging technology over the last century. In the early 20th century, the Swedish ophthalmologist Allvar Gullstrand (1862- 1930) was recognized for the development of a slit illumination device, which opened the door to remarkable progress in the ability to localize pathology in the anterior eye in the depth dimension. Just a few years later, Gullstrand’s instrument was combined with Czapski’s binocular microscope and revolutionized the clinical approach to visualizing ocular structures. Thus, the aim of the study is to correlate different refractive error, myopia, hypermetropia and Astigmatism to anterior segment architecture parameters as keratometry reading, age, anterior chamber depth, corneal thickness, corneal elasticity, pupil center and corneal volume in Amytropic eyes using pentacam. Prospective , corss sectional study was conducted on 60 eyes of 30 volunteers (11 males and 19 females) ranging from 18-41 years old, who attended to Menoufia university hospital and underwent refractive surgery duuring the period from December 2019 to June 2021. All patients were subjected to: A full detailed history was taken from all patients, including the sociodemographic data (age, sex, and refractive error), a thorough general examination, full ophthalmologic examination including Patient subjective refraction, pachymetry, and average keratometry were collected.