الفهرس 
Chapter (1): EpidemiologyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The study consisted of 120 patients who visited the Endoscopy Unit of Internal medicine department in Menoufia university complaining from different upper gastrointestinal symptoms (dyspepsia – hematemesis – vomiting – heart burn) and planned for light sedated upper endoscopy during the period from January 2022 till January 2023. The patients divided into two groups group (I) and group (II)
- group (I): included 60 infected patients diagnosed with histopathology and confirmed by PCR assay.
- group (II): included 60 symptomatic patients with negative H. Pylori confirmed by histopathology and PCR assay.
Ethical consideration:
Official permission from the research ethical committee, Faculty of medicine Menoufia University obtained before starting the study.
Study design:
Case control, prospective study had been carried out.
The aim of this study
The aim of this study is to study H. Pylori virulence genes (vac A, cag A) among patients with different Upper GIT diseases.
Inclusion criteria
Patients who are complaining from different upper gastrointestinal symptoms (dyspepsia – hematemesis – vomiting – heart burn) and planned for light sedated upper endoscopy were included in the study.
Exclusion criteria:
Patients were excluded from the study who recently were on antibiotics and H. Pylori eradication therapy in the last 3 months.
All patients and controls were subjected to the following:
1. Proper and detailed history taking and there complain 2. Collection of biopsies Upper endoscopy was done for patients with different gastrointestinal diseases and gastric samples were taken. Gastric samples were taken from antrum and corpus of the stomach using biopsy forceps and biopsies were incubated in two sample tubes, one sample tube containing diluted formalin according to standards used for histopathology, and the other tube containing saline used for DNA extraction.
3. Histopathology to gastric biopsies
Histopathology was done to biopsies kept in diluted formalin to confirm presence of H. Pylori organism using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and modified Giemsa stain. Patients were classified into two groups, group I involve 60 H. Pylori positive patients and group II involve 60 H. Pylori negative patients confirmed by histopathology.
4. Methods of PCR
DNA Extraction:
- Genomic DNA was extracted from all frozen gastric tissue samples using Quick-g DNA TM Miniprep Kit, USA (catalog No D3024).