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Abstract
Background: Hemodialysis in infants and small children with ESRD is not the classical renal replacement therapy of choice , Although hemodialysis may became the only option in infants and small children with ESRD when peritoneal dialysis is contraindicated waiting for renal transplantation. Objective: To detect the complications and outcome of hemodialysis in infants and children weighing less than 10 kgs.Results: Out of twenty patients, five patients were survived. Infection was the leading cause of death (n=14, 93%). Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was the most common isolated organism (n=13, 65%). The main cause of catheter removal was infection for temporary central catheters (48%) and thrombosis with obstruction in permicathetrs (57%). Anemia is the most common associated co morbidity (75%). Hypoalbuminemia was a major risk factor of mortality (p= 0.002). Conclusion: Hemodialysis in infant and small children is a possible option of renal replacement therapy, but it is associated with high mortality mainly due to vascular access related infection.