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Abstract
Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a type of nosocomial pneumonia associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Knowledge about the incidence and risk factors is necessary to implement proper preventive measures. Objectives: To estimate the incidence and risk factors of VAP, as well as the most common etiological agents. Methodology: A prospective cohort study was conducted from March 2014 to February 2015 at Kasr El-Aini University Hospital, Chest Intensive Care Unit. Hundred patients who were on mechanical ventilation (MV) for more than 48 hours were monitored for the development of VAP. Results: Out of the 100 patients, 34 patients developed VAP. Univariate analysis showed that the duration of MV and trauma were significant risk factors for VAP. Multivariate analysis revealed that the duration of MV, trauma, diabetes mellitus, smoking and some comorbidities were also independent risk factors for VAP. The most common isolated pathogens were Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp