الفهرس 
Nanoleakage and Shear Bond Strength of Three Resin Based Root Canal Sealers (A Comparative Study)
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Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare three newly introduced resin based root canal sealers; Perma evolution, 2Seal and MetaSeal as regards: Nanoleakage (qualitative TEM, quantitative EDAX ) and shear bond strength. One hundred twenty collected teeth were divided into two main groups each containing sixty teeth. Each main group was further subdivided into three subgroups, each containing 20 teeth according to the type of tested sealer subgroup (A- perma evolution, B- 2Seal and C- metaSeal). (nanoleakage evaluation): 50 wt% ammoniacal silver nitrate staining technique was used to examine apical leakage. The samples from each group were longitudinally sectioned in bucco - lingual direction. One half of each specimen was qualitatively evaluated by transmission electron microscope (TEM) for sections were cut every 1mm till reaching 4mm from the apex. Randomly, five halves from each sub-group were selected to be quantitatively evaluated by energy dispersive X- ray spectroscopy. group II (Shear bond strength evaluation): Shear bond strength test was applied on the circular interface between sealer and dentin surface by Instron testing machine