الفهرس 
The incidence and patterns of thyroid dysfunction associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
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Abstract
We aimed to study the spectrum of thyroid disorders in systemic lupus erythermatosus (SLE). Hundred SLE patients as per American Rheumatology Association (ARA) classification criteria underwent clinical examination, including assessment of disease activity (SLEDAI) and laboratory evaluation for serum trii-odothyronine (T3), free thyroxin (FT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), antithyroperoxidase (TPO) antibody and antithyroglobulin (TG) antibody as well as imaging by tc-99m pertechnetate thyroid scan. Fifty age- and sex-matched apparently healthy individuals served as control. Twelve (12%) lupus patients had thyroid dysfunction, versus none of controls, and only (2%) were men. Mild (subclinical) hypothyroidism was the commonest dysfunction in 10 (10%), while primary hyperthyroidism was seen in 2 (2%). Ten (50%) of thyroid dysfunction were autoimmune in nature (autoantibody positive) and rest elevation of antibodies alone was seen in 2 (2%) of the lupus patients. SLEDAI score and disease duration were compared between lupus patients with thyroid dysfunction to those with normal thyroid function