الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The morphological dysplasia, ineffective hematopoiesis, and propensity for AML progression are the hallmarks of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS).The pathogenesis and progression of myelodysplastic syndromes are both influenced by the immune system.
By measuring the levels of cytokines such as IL-10, IL-6, IL-2, TNF-α, CD4, CD8, and CD4/CD8 ratio in MDS patients, we were able to assess and evaluate the role of immune responses in the pathogenesis of MDS.
The current study was carried out between September 2020 and May 2022 in the hematology unit at Alexandria Main University Hospital and clinics on 11 newly diagnosed MDS patients and 20 Egyptians in good health who served as controls. ELISA was used to measure the expression levels of some cytokines, such as serum levels of IL-10, IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α, while flow cytometry was used to measure the expression levels of CD4, CD8, and CD4/CD8 ratio.