الفهرس 
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Abstract
Traditionally, the goal of strabismus treatment is to realign the visual axes in order to eliminate diplopia, maintain, or restore binocular vision. In spite of the application of the best surgical technique, strabismus always has a possibility to require re-operation. As after surgery in cases whose binocular vision could not be maintained or the deviations were severe to the level that strabismus were shown in appearance, re-operation is required. The aim of this study is to evaluate second surgical interference after residual esotropia. A prospective study was conducted on patients presented to Tanta University outpatient clinic with history of primary surgery for strabismus and had abnormal binocularity, residual angle and meet the inclusion criteria. The patients with history of one time surgery and still have residual angle of deviation. The patients with history of more than one strabismus surgery were excluded and patients with amblyopia, paralytic esotropia and nystgmus erer also excluded. This study included thirty patients, their ages ranged between 4 to 33 years. Fifteen patients were females and fifteen patients were males. All of them went through primary esotropia operation and residual angle remained after operation and all of them had second operation. All cases underwent full ophthalmic examination, cycloplegic refraction, measurements of angle of deviation, assessment of ocular motility and measurements of visual acuity. The angle of deviation ranged from 15-40 PD. • The thirty patients underwent a second Strabismus surgery and the type of the second operation was: 1- Lateral rectus resection: 23 (76.6%)patients 2- Medial rectus re-recession: 7(23.4%) patients The results were evaluated at one week, one month, three months and six months. At one week, 20 patients (66.7%) were successful with angle of deviation < 10 prism diopter and 10 patients (33.33%) were under corrected. At one month, 25 patients (83.3%) were successful and 5 patients (16.7%) were unsuccessful. At three months, 24 patients (80%) were successful and 6 patients (20%) were unsuccessful. At six months, 24 patients (80%) were successful and 6 patients (20%) were unsuccessful. There were no complications in 16 patients (53.3%) and minimal complications in 9 patients (30%) as persistent congestion. Moderate complications as residual angle of esotropia, consecutive exotropia and some kind of adhesions and restrictions in 5 patients (16.7%).