الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Anatomic ACL reconstructions provide better (vertical) antroposterior stability and (oblique) rotational stability than transtibial technique. Anatomic single-bundle ACL reconstruction using a hamstring autograft is a gold standard technique.Single bundle is common than two bundle ACL reconstruction as it is technically demanding , time consuming and need expert.All reconstruction operations were performed under spinal anesthesia and all were performed under a well-padded thigh tourniquet. Examination under anesthesia before ACL reconstruction was done for all patients to ensure ACL deficiency by positive Lachman and Pivot shift tests. All patients received antibiotic 30 minutes before the operation; one gram ceftriaxone was given intravenously after doing sensitivity test.Routine diagnostic arthroscopy was performed initially to ensure diagnosis and evaluate other pathological conditions. Any meniscal problems were treated before proceeding to reconstruction of ACL. Debridement of ACL stump was done leaving fibers that are not obstructive for possible vascular and cellular ingrowth and proprioceptive receptor.