الفهرس 
Gross Anatomy of the Ankle
Ankle biomechanicsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Ankle fractures are the most common injury in the department of emergency and orthopaedics, accounting for about 46.7% of tibial/fibula fractures and 7.6% of all fractures. Epidemiologic data report that radiologically isolated lateral malleolus fractures are the most common ankle fracture pattern (56% to 65% of all ankle fractures). The ankle is a complex joint that comprises the talus, medial and lateral malleoli, and tibial plafond. In addition to the osseous architecture of the ankle mortise, three groups of ligamentous structures provide ankle static stability: the lateral ligaments, the deltoid ligament on the medial side, and the ligaments of the tibiofibular syndesmosis. In the setting of an isolated lateral malleolus fracture, identifying injury to this ligament and associated ankle instability influences management. There are three frequently used classifications to describe ankle fractures, they are the Danis-Weber, AO-Müller, and LaugeHansen fracture classifications. According to Weber and AOMüller, a fracture is classified based on the level of the fibular fracture in relation to the syndesmotic ligaments. Lauge-Hansen describes the trauma mechanism of ankle fractures, based on the position of the foot at the time of injury and the direction in which the talus moves within the ankle mortise, in this study we will focus on Weber classification of an isolated lateral malleolus fracture. In addition to radiographic parameters used to evaluate the integrity of the syndesmotic and deltoid ligaments; tibiofibular overlap (TFO), tibiofibular clear space (TFCS), medial clear space (MCS) and the tibial clear space (TCS), Various diagnostic imaging modalities can be used to evaluate the