الفهرس 
Comparative evaluation of the effect of sodium thiosulfate versus proanthocyanidin as final irrigants on the bond strength of epoxy resin sealer to root dentin treated with sodium hypochlorite A Comparative in-vitro study
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Abstract
Aim: To evaluate and compare the effect of Proanthocyanidin (PA) and sodium thiosulfate
(ST) as final irrigants on the push out bond strength of epoxy resin sealer to sodium hypochlorite
(NaOCl)- treated root dentin, in addition to studying and comparing the physicochemical properties
of both PA and ST solutions for potential routine use.
Methodology: Thirty-three single-rooted extracted human teeth were decoronated at a
standardized length of 15 mm. All samples were mechanically prepared using rotary instruments and
irrigated with 2.6% NaOCl solution during instrumentation. The samples were then randomly
allocated into three groups according to the final irrigating solution as follows: group 1 (control),
Saline; group 2, 6.5% PA solution, and group 3, 5% ST solution. All root samples were obturated
using gutta-percha and AH plus epoxy resin sealer. They were then cross-sectioned and subjected to
push-out bond strength test using a universal testing machine at coronal, middle and apical root levels.
For evaluation of physico-chemical properties, a sample of 6.5% PA and a sample of 5% ST
were tested for surface tension using the du-Noüy ring method. Viscosity was measured using a
rotational digital viscometer and pH measurement was obtained using a benchtop pH meter.Results: PA-treated group showed the highest push-out bond strength values compared to
control and ST groups. Results showed a statistically significant difference. PA showed statistically
lower mean values of surface tension and viscosity compared to ST. As for pH, PA showed a slightly
acidic pH (" ~ "5.8) while ST showed a slightly alkaline pH (" ~ "8.2).
Conclusions: PA solution, when used as a final rinse, can improve the bond strength of epoxy
resin sealer to NaOCl-treated root dentin. In addition, it has shown favorable physicohemical
properties and so, it appears to be a promising irrigant for routine endodontic use.