الفهرس 
Breast CancerOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in both new cases and cancer-related deaths among women
Given that there are few early indications and symptoms, early diagnosis is a key technique for improving outcomes.
It is generally recognised that genetic variables play a significant role in the aetiology and pathogenesis of breast cancer, a complicated polygenic illness. According to research, the chance of developing breast cancer is almost two times higher in women who have first-degree relatives who have the disease.
Risk factors for cancer breast include increasing age, race, menarche history, reproductive forms, hormonal use, diet and physical activity.
Numerous recent research have demonstrated that genetic factors were crucial in the development of breast cancer.
One acknowledged risk factor for the disease is having a family history of breast cancer. A woman’s risk of acquiring breast cancer is nearly two times higher if she has one first-degree relative who has the disease.
Understanding the molecular causes of breast cancer has advanced remarkably during the past few decades. The endopeptidase family known as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is capable of breaking down the basement membrane and extracellular matrix, two physical barriers that are crucial in limiting the spread and migration of cancer cells. These endopeptidases are found in healthy tissues and are overexpressed in nearly all malignant malignancies. Thus, it is generally acknowledged that the overexpression of MMPs is linked to the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells.
The endogenous MMP-2 inhibitor, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) has been linked to the regulation of MMP-2 proteolytic activity by forming a 1:1 stoichiometric inhibitory complex with the enzyme. Genetic variations in the TIMP-2 gene, which is found on chromosome 17q25, may affect TIMP-2 activity in one direction or the other, upsetting the balance between TIMP-2 and MMP-2 activity. The development and spread of cancer may then be influenced by this disturbed balance.