الفهرس 
Title : Prevalence of Posterior Ankle Impingement Syndrome in Egyptian Swimmers
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Abstract
background: Posterior ankle impingement syndrome (PAIS) is a
common cause of posterior ankle pain that is known to be associated
with sports that require the athletes to repetitively plantarflex their
ankle such as ballet dancers, gymnasts, football, swimming and
cycling. PAIS can limit the athlete‘s ability to perform at the optimal
level. Objective: To determine the prevalence of posterior ankle
impingement syndrome in Egyptian swimmers. Subjects & Methods:
Three hundred and fifty male and female Athletes; their age ranging
from 8 to 18 years old. They are practicing swimming for at least one
year. Diagnosis of PAIS was made based on history taking, physical
examination and assessment using hyper plantarflexion ankle special
test and plain x ray. Results: The prevalence of PAIS in the selected sample was 24.9% with 95% CI of 20.62 - 29.64%. Conclusion: PAIS was prevalent in egyptian swimmers and there was a significant association between PAIS and gender, age, body mass index of the subjects, the association between PAIS and years of training, training
load, training volume, training intensity, stroke distance, type of stroke
and using equipment.