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Abstract
The aim of this work is to evaluate the clinical outcome of percutaneous fixation of displaced proximal humeral fractures and to discuss the topic as regard anatomy, biomechanics, clinical, radiological diagnosis, indication, contraindication, scoring, technique, follow up and results of the percutaneous fixation of displaced proximal humeral fractures using threaded pins to eliminate the need for open reduction and internal fixation or hemi arthroplasty in proximal humeral fractures , and report follow {u2013} up results using this technique. These fractures can pose a challenge for the treating orthopaedist because of the generally osteoporotic nature of bone in the elderly and the relative deforming forces of the surrounding muscles. Fractures are classified according to the Neer criteria, and treatment is often guided by the relative displacement of the anatomic fragments. Non displaced fractures have historically been treated conservatively, with generally good outcomes 2. Most proximal humerus fractures are either non displaced or minimally displaced and can be treated non surgically. Nonsurgical options focus on early functional exercises with the goal of achieving a functionally acceptable range of motion (ROM). For the 15% to 20% of displaced proximal humerus fractures that may benefit from surgery, no single approach is considered to be the standard of care