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Abstract
Carcinogenesis is a multistage process involving the activation of oncogenes and the inactivation of tumour suppressor genes. Cancer results from mutation in the genes which can produce faulty proteins, which in turn results in abnormal cell growth and leads finally to tumour formation. This study was conducted to assess the expression of the antiapoptotic and anti-differentiation protein xNp63 and the transcription regulator PCBP1 in oral carcinoma in situ and oral squamous cell carcinoma compared to normal oral epithelial tissue using the immunohistochemical technique. In this study seventy-eight archival specimens were collected and divided into three groups as 26 NOE, 26 OCIS and 26 OSCC. For each specimen three serial sections were cut, these sections were divided into three subgroups stained as follow: the first subgroup prepared for H&E to confirm the previous diagnosis, the second subgroup prepared for immunohistochemical staining using the Biotin-Streptavidin immunoperoxidase technique anti- xNP63 antibody: (Novus biological NBP1-29467, USA) and the third subgroup prepared for immunohistochemical staining using the Biotin-Streptavidin immunoperoxidase technique anti- PCBP1 antibody: (Novus biological NBP1-80455, USA). Quantification of x NP63 and PCBP1 positivity was performed using an image analyser computer system which measured the area percentage of xNP63 and PCBP1 immunoreactivity. The positive immunoreactions of xNp63&PCBP1 were detected as a brownish colour in the stained tissues