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Abstract
The face is important both functionally and aesthetically and its reconstruction poses a formidable challenge for plastic surgeons. Aesthetically and anatomically, it can be divided into interrelated regions, each with its own unique character individual geographic areas defined by expected facial skin color, surface character (smooth, pitted), skin thickness, hair quality (fine, matte, beard, scalp), mobility, subcutaneous fat distribution, muscle expression, and three-dimensional shape. Defects of the face are among the most disabling and socially isolating afflictions. Reconstruction of facial defects due to trauma, neoplasm, or infection remains a challenge but the vast majority now is the result of defects that occur after ablative surgery for skin cancers. Considering cosmetic and functional results, such as color match, skin texture, and blood supply, local flaps have been the workhorse for facial reconstruction