الفهرس 
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Abstract
Psoriasis is a common, chronic papulosquamous skin disease occurring worldwide, presenting at any age, and leading to a substantial burden for individuals and society. Psoriasis is a lifelong immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease, associated with morbidities such as psoriatic arthropathy, psychological, cardiovascular and hepatic diseases. S100A11 (Calgizzarin) is a member of the S100 protein family. In human, S100A11 is ubiquitously expressed in various tissues. It is highly expressed in skin, spleen, lung, kidney, subcutaneous white adipose tissue, and stomach; it is moderately expressed in the small intestine, heart, and pancreas; while it is less expressed in the liver, brain, and muscle. Likewise, in the mouse, S100A11 is highly expressed in the subcutaneous white adipose tissue, lung, and kidney; it is moderately expressed in the stomach, spleen, heart, and small intestine; and it is less expressed in the brain and liver. Up till now, no consensus has been settled concerning the association of S100A11 with psoriasis, apart from a report about that S100A11 expression is down-regulated in the basal layer cells in patients with psoriasis. Given this gab of knowledge, the current study aimed to evaluate the serum Calgizzarin levels in patients with psoriasis compared to the healthy individuals, and to detect its relationship with the disease severity. This is an observational case-control clinical study that included 40 patients with psoriasis recruited from the outpatient clinics of the Dermatology and Venerology Department, Tanta University Hospitals during the period from April 2021 to October 2021, and an equal number of age and sexmatched healthy individuals as control group. The study patients underwent full history taking, general, and dermatological examination that includedPASI score assessment. The patients also underwent laboratory investigation of serum Calgizzarin level using a commercially available ELISA kit, according to the manufacturer’s protocol. The patients’ age ranged from 17 to 61 years with a mean of 41.8 years ± 14.6 (SD). The age of control group ranged from 20 to 66 years with a mean of 36.5 years ± 14.1 (SD). There was slight male predominance, with 55% of the study patients were males. No statistically significant difference was detected between psoriasis patients and controls regarding age or sex. Concerning the clinical data of the study patients, three cases (7.5%) had positive family history of psoriasis, those had their father, mother or grandfather affected. Associated arthropathy and nail affection were found in 10 psoriasis patients (25%) and 8 patients (20%) respectively. Concerning disease severity, interpretation of the PASI scores revealed that 19 cases had mild disease (47.5%), 13 cases had moderate disease (32.5%) and 8 cases had severe disease (20%). The patients’ age of onset ranged from 7 to 60 years with a mean of 29.7 years ± 13.3 (SD). The disease duration ranged from 0.67 to 40 years, with a mean of 12.1 years ± 10.4 (SD). Five types of psoriasis were encountered in the patients. Those were generalized plaque psoriasis in 29 patients (72.5%), localized plaque psoriasis in 6 patients (15%), palmoplantar psoriasis in 3 patients (7.5%), scalp psoriasis in one patient (2.5%), and erythrodermic psoriasis in one patient (2.5%). The disease severity score (PASI) ranged from 1 to 40, with a mean of 6.9 ± 6.7. The serum level of S100A11 in psoriasis patients ranged from 225.9 to 697.5 ng/mL, with a mean of 358.1 ng/mL ± 89.1 (SD), while it ranged from 167.5 to 650 ng/mL with a mean of 313.3 ng/mL ± 99.5 (SD) in the controlgroup. Serum levels of S100A11 were significantly higher in psoriasis patients than control group (p=0.037). No statistically significant correlation was detected between serum levels of S100A11 and either patients’ age, age of disease onset, disease duration, or the PASI score. It should be noted that a statistically significant higher serum levels of S100A11 was detected in female psoriasis patients than male patients (p=0.044). There was a statistically insignificant (p>0.05) sequential elevation in the mean of the S100A11 levels according to disease severity evaluated by PASI score, with a mean of 348.3 ng/mL ± 72.9 (SD) in mild cases, 359.2 ng/mL ± 72.8 (SD) in moderate cases, and 379.6 ng/mL ± 144.1 (SD) in severe cases. Serum levels of S100A11 in psoriasis patients did not show any statistically significance relation to the presence of positive family history of the psoriasis, presence of arthropathy, nail affection, psoriasis type, or disease severity.