الفهرس 
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Abstract
S
martphone addiction is inability to control the use of technological devices like smart phones, tablets; iPod’s and TVs. smartphone addiction is another form of internet addiction. The phenomenon of technology addiction in children is not only related to the use of technological devices that are getting earlier but also the high duration of technological devices usage and exceeding recommended usage limits. The use of technological devices can make children dependent because it have a pleasant effect and make children avoid conflict, Smartphone addiction has many negative impacts on children, which can make preschool children become less physical activity and increase the risk of obesity, increase vision problems, reduced sleep duration, low pro-social behavior, besides technology addiction is also an indicator of social isolation (Yadav & Chakraborty, 2022).
Role of family health nurse, the nurse ensure the mother understand how to void the vision of fast programs, with too many distracting elements, or violent contents that the child is unable to understand; avoid using devices to calm the child, an hour before bedtime; and constantly monitor the media contents to which the child is exposed. (Osorio-Molina et al., 2021).
Aim of the study:
This study aimed to assess mother’s awareness of misuse of smartphone by their children under five years through:
1. Assessing mother’s knowledge about misuse of smartphone by their children under five years.
2. Assessing mother’s reported practices related to avoiding health problems of misuse smartphone by their children under five years.
3. Assessing mother’ attitude related to misuse of smartphone by their children under five years.
Research questions:
1. What is the knowledge of mothers related to misuse Of Smartphone by Their children under five years?
2. What is the reported practice of mothers related to misuse Of Smartphone by Their children under five years?
3. Is there a relation between mothers’ knowledge and their reported practices?
4. Is there a relation between mothers’ knowledge and their attitude?
5. Is there a relation between mothers’ attitude and their reported practices?
Research design:
A descriptive design was utilized to achieve the aim of this study.
Research setting:
The study was conducted at the Maternal and Child Health Centers from the four district of Cairo governorate and Maternal and Child Health Centers will be chosen randomly from each district including the following:- (Maternal and Child Health Center) in Bab Al Sharia, west of Cairo governorate, (Maternal and Child Health Center) Seventh District, in Nasr City, east of Cairo governorate, (Maternal and Child Health Center) Egyptian Gulf in the Dome Gardens, north of Cairo governorate (Maternal and Child Health Center) Ancient Egypt in the Sayeda Zeinab, south of Cairo governorate.
Subjects:
Simple random sample was included 266 mothers, from the total mothers attended the previous mentioned setting were (2200) mothers at 2019-2020
The calculation of sample size done based on power analysis equation.
Data collection tools:
Two tools of data collection ware used: first tool Interviewing questionnaire. Second tool: Likert Rating scale adopted and modified from Batterton, & Hale (2017).
The first tool: interviewing questionnaire will be developed by the investigator and used to assess the specific needs/ or problems of mothers who will be involved in the study. It will consist of three parts:
Part 1: Socio- demographic data: it will include mother age, residence, religion, level of education, monthly income, occupation.
Part 2: Mother’s knowledge related to the misuse of smartphone by their children under five years as definition of smartphone, hazard of smartphone on children, precaution.
Part 3: Mothers’ reported practices related to avoiding health problems of smartphone misuse as time schedule, screen protect.
The second tool:
Likert Rating scale adopted and modified from Batterton & Hale, (2017) to assess mothers attitude regarding to smartphone misuse by children under Five years of age. The scale was converse 10 clear simple statements.
Results of the present study revealed that:
• 67.7% of the studied mothers were in age group 25-35 years with mean age 33.39 ± 4.11 and 52.6% of them had secondary educational level. Also, 82.0% of them were housewives and 35.7% of them had three children. Additionally, 61.3% of them had insufficient monthly income.
• 88.4% of the studied mothers reported that their child has no special phones and 45.5% of them reported that their child uses smart phones since 2 years. Also, all of them reported that their child uses smart phones daily and 35.7% use smart phones two hours daily. Sleep disturbance were the most common complaint reported by 35.3% of mothers. Additionally, 72.6% of them reported that their child hadn’t been examined by physician due to complaint of using smart phones.
• 60.2% of the studied mothers had unsatisfactory level of knowledge while 39.8% of them had satisfactory level of knowledge about misuse of smartphone by their children.
• 57.8% of the studied mothers had unhealthy level of reported practices while 42.2% of them had healthy level of practice about misuse of smartphone by their children.
• 54.5% of the studied mothers had negative level of attitude while 45.5% of them had positive level of attitude about misuse of smartphone by their children.
• There was no significant statistical relation between total level of knowledge and total level of practice among the studied mothers at P-value 0.156.
• There was no significant statistical relation between total level of knowledge and total level of attitude among the studied mothers at P-value 0.283.
• There was a significant statistical relation between total level of attitude and total level of practice among the studied mothers at P-value 0.030.