الفهرس 
Studies on micro propagation of some olive cultivars
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Abstract
The present study was carried out during 2018 to 2021 seasons in tissue culture laboratory of Pomology Department, Faculty of agriculture, Cairo University and National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt in order to establish a micropropagation protocol adapted to the requirements of Picual, Dolce and Sourani olive cultivars. The effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on sterilization during the establishment stage was investigated either by surface sterilization or adding to MO culture medium. The effect of nutrient media composition (MS modified, OM and OM modified) and cytokinin types (BAP and Zeatin) on multiplication rate and olive shoot growth were examined. Nutrient medium composition, auxin type (IBA and NAA) and concentrations (2 and 4 mg /L) were examined during rooting stage. The obtained results cleared that a surface sterilization by silver nanoparticles at different concentrations (100, 200 and 400 mg/L) had a significant effect on bud sprouting (%) and shoot growth for Picual, Sourani and Dolce olive cultivars. Also, silver nanoparticles at 400 mg/L recorded the lowest contamination percentage. The addition of silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) at 5 mg /L to the culture medium recorded the highest bud sprouting percentage and shoot number. Meanwhile, the higher concentration of AgNPs (20 mg/ L) recorded the highest shoot length and leaves number. The lowest microbial contamination in tissue culture medium was recorded by adding different concentration of silver nanoparticles compared with the control. In olive shoot proliferation stage, addition of Zeatin to the culture medium recorded the highest shoot growth and multiplication rate compared with BAP. The highest shoot number and leaves number were recorded on OM medium supplemented with 6mg/L Zeatin. The highest multiplication rate was recorded for Sourani shoots growing on olive medium supplemented with Zeatin at 6 mg/L, while the lowest value was recorded for Dolce and Picual olive cvs. growing on OM medium supplemented with BAP at 2 mg / L. Olive medium (OM) recorded the highest shoot length, number of shoots/explant and number of leaves/ shoots compared with OM modified and MS modified medium which recorded the lowest values. The highest multiplication rate noted in Picual cultivar on OM medium.The highest rooting percentage was recorded for OM medium, while OM modified medium recorded the lowest value. The highest rooting percentage and roots number/ micro shoots were recorded with OM medium supplemented with NAA at 4 mg /L. While, the lowest rooting percentage was recorded in OM medium supplemented with 2 mg/L IBA. Olive micro shoots dipped in NAA at 250 mg/L recorded the highest root length, roots number and the highest rooting percentage /explant. While, dipping in IBA at 250 mg/L recorded the lowest values of the three olive cultivars under study. The studied cultivars showed low survival percentage during acclimatization stage, the survived plants of picual and sourani cvs. developed a shoot with small leaves and short internodes