الفهرس 
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Abstract
The aim of this study was comparing between two different CBCT systems, the i-CAT classic (Imaging Sciences International, Hatfield, PA, USA) and Verviewepocs 3D (J. MORITA, MFG.CORP., Kyoto, Japan), in the accuracy of detecting MB2 canals in maxillary molars.
One hundred maxillary molars with sound MB roots, closed apices and no severe curvatures in the MB roots were included in this study were collected, according to the sample size calculation, then placed in molar sockets, bilaterally, of a dry human skull and stabilized with modeling wax to replicate normal tissues. All teeth were scanned with the two systems then, all the scans were evaluated twice by two oral radiologists with one week interval.
All scans were evaluated on the axial view with a slice thickness of 2 mms at 3, 5, 7 etc. mms for the number of roots, presence or absence of MB2 in MB roots, number of MB2 canals along MB roots and classify every MB root according to the coding system giving it a code that represent its root canal configuration.
After scanning, all MB roots were histologically sectioned at 3, 5, 7, etc. mms corresponding to the viewed axial sections then, investigated under stereomicroscope (Olympus TL3) using a lens size 40 and magnification x2 to verify presence or absence of MB2 in MB roots, number of MB2 canals along MB roots and classify every MB root according to the coding system giving it a code that represent its root canal configuration. All scores and codes were tabulated and compared in reference to stereomicroscope (gold standard).
from 100 MMs, 88 molars had 3 roots, 11 had 2 roots & one had single root. MB2 was detected in the MB roots of 85 molars (85%). At the orifice level of MB roots, MB2 was detected in about 64 molars (64%). In the middle of the root, MB2 was detected in about 79 molars (79%). At the apex level, MB2 was detected in about 39 molars (39%).
At the orifice level of MB roots, two canals were detected in about 56 - 57 molars while, three or more canals were detected in 9 - 7 molars by i-CAT & J-MORITA. At 2 mms depth, two canals were detected in about 51 molars while, three or more canals were detected in 17 molars by i-CAT & J-MORITA.
At 4 mms depth, two canals were detected in about 64 – 66 molars while, three or more canals were detected in 3 -4 molars by i-CAT & J-MORITA. At 6 mms depth, two canals were detected in about 48 – 50 molars by i-CAT & J-MORITA while, three or more canals were detected in 3 – 5 molars by i-CAT & J-MORIT.
At 8 mm depth, two or more canals were detected in about 32 molars by i-CAT & J-MORITA. The PA of codes representing the root canal configuration of MB root was 61- 65 % & 55 -63 % by i-CAT & J-MORITA, respectively. The comparison between i-CAT & J-MORITA systems in the PA showed that all the differences between PA of both observers were small and statistically non-significant.
The comparison between i-CAT & J-MORITA systems in the K showed that the K of the two observers for the two systems can be interpreted as adequate to good agreement. The comparison of PA between i-CAT & J-MORITA systems for interobserver reliability showed high values of PA of interobserver reliability of both systems & the difference between both systems are small & statistically non-significant.
The comparison of K between i-CAT & J-MORITA systems for interobserver reliability showed that all K of the two systems can be interpreted as adequate to good agreement. The comparison of PA between i-CAT & J-MORITA systems for intraobserver reliability showed high values of PA of interobserver reliability of both systems & the difference between both systems are small & statistically non-significant.
The comparison of K between i-CAT & J-MORITA systems for interobserver reliability showed that all K of the two systems can be interpreted as adequate to good agreement.
Conclusion
1- Accuracy of both i-CAT classic (Imaging Sciences International, Hatfield, PA, USA) and Verviewepocs 3D (J. MORITA, MFG.CORP., Kyoto, Japan) in detection of MB2 showed no significant statistical difference (P < 0.001).
2- Both CBCT systems were found to be reliable tools for MB2 canal detection in MMs when compared to gold standard sectioning technique.
3- The coding classification provides detailed information about tooth number, root number and root canal configuration types.
4- CBCT is simple, accurate and practical that allows students, dental practitioners and researchers to classify root and root canal configurations.
5- MB2 is present in higher percentages than MB3 or MB4in the MB roots of MMs.
6- Extra canals (MB2 or MB3 or more) in the middle of the root are more prevalent than the orifice level than the apex level.