الفهرس 
Histogram Thresholding (HI)Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
During the last decade, Egypt has been undergoing rapid and substantial sustainable development in all sectors including urban and infrastructure sectors. One of the Megaprojects launched in this respect was the construction of a New Administrative Capital East of Cairo to move most of the administrative buildings centered at the heart of Cairo to ease the traffic flow in this area. Continuous monitoring of the progress of the construction of this new capital is very important to provide information to the decision-makers to enable them to take corrective measures whenever necessary. This requires high temporal monitoring and assessment for the project using low-cost, high-accuracy, and simple-to-use applications. In this research, remote sensing techniques were applied to employ sentinel-2 data to assess the effectiveness of several methods for urban classification and monitoring. Three main approaches were applied; histogram threshold, spectral indices, and machine learning techniques. In machine learning, this study focused on three algorithms due to their robustness and simplicity: K-nearest neighbor (KNN), Linear discrimination analysis (LDA), and Random Forest (RF). It was found that the Random Forest technique presents the highest accuracy for the study area with 98.8%. Online with the worldwide direction for green cities, this study investigated the environmental impact of the construction works by monitoring the effect of such development on air pollution in the area using sentinel-5P data which showed an increase in the CO and NO2 levels during the last five years by about 11% and 75% respectively, with noticeable DROP during the year 2020 mainly due to the Covid19 lockdown. The classification model used in this research was trained and verified using ground truth data obtained on the 10th of Ramadan City, about 40 km away from the administrative Capital. Then, it was applied to monitoring urban development and the associated environmental impact in the New Administrative Capital in Egypt.