الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
In this thesis we compared the penetration depth of free lidocaine loaded to MB dye
and lidocaine encapsulated niosom loaded to MB dye (water-soluble cationic dye). Under
the effect of iontophoresis and electroporation equipment to the rabbit skin (in-vitro) In
order to permeabilize the stratum corneum and show improved lidocaine epidermal
transport, Full-thickness rabbit skin was removed, and electrodes were inserted on the
exterior surface of the skin. Skin beneath the electrode array was then treated with
lidocaine loaded to MB. Three different arrays of MN electrodes were used (parallel,
triangular and circular electrode)the permeability of lidocain and lidocaine encapsulated
noisome were evaluated by measuring lidocaine concentration in the skin,transport amount
of lidocaine,mean flux rate of lidocaine and penetration depth of lidocaine through excised
rabbit skin.
Using the MN electrode-array, the skin was manually punctured with a vertical
pressure of 3 N/ cm2 for 5 seconds EP at (50)volt. followed by applying the IP with
different volts for 10 min.(6,9 and 12V).That was divided into 3 categories according to
the shape of each MN electrode, (Triangular,Circular, and Parallel).
The skin was divided into two main groups :-
group (A): excised skin was treated with free lidocaine.
group (B): excised skin was treated with lidocaine encapsulated into niosomes NPs.
Both groups (A&B) were subdivided into 4 subgroups according to the voltage used.
Subgroup (1): 0 volt iontophoresis IP (Serve as control).
Subgroup (2): 6 volt iontophoresis IP using (parallel,triangular and circular electrode).
Subgroup (3): 9 volt iontophoresis IP using (parallel,triangular and circular electrode).
Subgroup (4): 12 volt iontophoresis IP using (parallel,triangular and circular electrode).
Summary, Conclusion & Recommendation
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These two groups were compared in order to determine the ideal iontophresis
circumstances for administering lidocaine to excised full-thickness rabbit skin. The
absorbance spectra of dissolving punch biopsy sections were used to calculate the amount
of lidocaine in a skin sample.as we measure the conc.oflidocaine,transport amount and
mean flux rate of lidocaine at different voltages using different shapes of MN arrays
Penetration depthof lidocaine were measured with light microscope with digital camera of
cryosections. And thebest iontophoresis conditions obtained were determined.