الفهرس 
Objectives of the workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is caused by a sudden temporary impairment of the blood flow to the particular organ. IRI is usually associated with a robust inflammatory and oxidative stress response to hypoxia and reperfusion, which disturbs the organ function. In fact, renal ischemia-reperfusion induces acute kidney injury (AKI) that contributes to high morbidity and mortality rate in a wide range of injuries (Malek and Nematbakhsh, 2015). Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is an important product of the pineal gland that acts as a regulator of sleep, immune function and circadian rhythm. Furthermore, as an electron donor, melatonin is a potent scavenger of ROS (Chattoraj et al., 2009). Ischemic preconditioning (Ipc) increases tissue tolerance against renal IRI. IPC has been claimed to have a strong renoprotective strategy (Li et al., 2019).
The present study was carried out in Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt. The experimental procedures, animal handling, sampling and sacrification were performed according to The International Ethical guidelines for Investigations of Laboratory Animals and the Guide for The Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.
Forty eight male albino rats (age 2-3 months, each weighing 160-200 g) were used. Animals were randomized into six equal experimental groups (8 rats each): normal control (C) group, sham (S) group, renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) group, renal ischemia-reperfusion injury with ischemic preconditioning (IRI+Ipc) group, melatonin-pretreated renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI+M) group and melatonin-pretreated renal ischemia-reperfusion injury with ischemic preconditioning (IRI+Ipc+M) group.
All animals in the present study were subjected to biochemical assays and histopathological examination (H&E). Our data show that IRI caused significant increase in creatinine, BUN, TNF-α, TGF-β, caspase-3, nitrite/nitrate and MDA levels, and significant decrease in IL-13 level, GPx and SOD activities. In this study, the animal group exposed to IRI with ischemic preconditioning (IRI+Ipc) showed significant decrease in BUN, TNF-α, TGF-β, caspase-3, nitrite/nitrate and MDA levels, and significant increase in IL-13 level and SOD activity compared to the IRI group with no pretreatment.