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Abstract
Genus Stachys is one of the largest genera of family Lamiaceae consisting of about 300 species. It is centered in the Mediterranean region and south western Asia. Stachys aegyptiaca Pers. is a perennial aromatic plant growing wild in Wadi Jilbal, Sainte Catherine, Sinai. Preliminary phytochemical screening and estimation of the total phenolic and flavonoid contents were performed. Essential oil of Stachys aegyptiaca was obtained by two different techniques, conventional hydrodistillation (HD) and microwave assisted extraction (MAE). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the essential oil obtained by both techniques was carried out. Phytochemical investigation of the methylene chloride/methanol (1:1) extract of the air-dried aerial parts of the plant resulted in isolation and characterization of three new diterpenes (Stachyaegyptin A, B and C) together with four known neoclerodane diterpenes (Stachysolone, 13-Mono-acetyl-stachysolone, Diacetylstachysolone and Rosestachenone). Seven methoxylated flavonoid aglycones were isolated. Three methoxy flavones were isolated for the first time from genus Stachys identified as 3, 7, 3’, 4’-Tetramethyl-quercetin, Eupatilin-7- methyl ether and 5, 8-Dihydroxy-3, 6, 7, 4’-tetramethoxy flavone. 5- Hydroxy-3, 6, 7, 4’-tetramethoxy flavone was isolated for the first time from S. aegyptiaca while Calycopterin, 5-Hydroxy auranetin and Xanthomicrol were previously isolated from S. aegyptiaca. The extract and isolated compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and antioxidant activities