الفهرس 
Title : Effects of bilateral flexible flat feet on tunk and hip muscle torque
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Abstract
ackground: Flexible flatfoot (FFF) has been considered as a risk factor for a number of lower limb injuries and mechanical low back pain. This, theoretically, was attributed to dysfunction of the lumbopelvic-hip complex musculature. Despite this theoretical basis, no study has evaluated the effect of FFF on the strength of the trunk and hip muscles. Objective: To investigate the influence of FFF on the concentric hip and trunk torque generation. Methods: A case-control comparison was held between an FFF group (20 subjects) and normal foot group (20 subjects). An isokinetic dynamometer was used to assess the concentric torque of hip flexors, extensors, internal rotators, and external rotators; and trunk flexors, and extensors. group differences were assessed by using a one- way multivariate analysis of variance. Results: There was a significant decrease in hip flexors, extensors, internal rotators, and external rotators peak torque of both sides in the FFF group compared to the normal group, while there was no significant difference in trunk flexors and extensors peak torque between the two groups. Conclusion: Impairment in hip muscles concentric strength was observed in subjects with FFF when compared to normal controls. Our results may support the interrelationship between foot misalignment and proximal joints pathology.