الفهرس 
Clinical evaluation of the effect of MTAD versus propolis irrigation on necrotic primary teeth in children
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Abstract
Pulpectomy was performed following the guidelines of pulp therapy for primary teeth by the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Canals were irrigated using either MTAD or propolis irrigation. Microbiological samples were collected from the root canals before and after irrigation and 48 hours after irrigation, to determine the antibacterial effect of each irrigants. After 1 week, patients were recalled for placement of the root canal filling material, zinc oxide and eugenol was applied to the root stumps, and covered with zinc phosphate cement and teeth were finally restored with stainless steel crowns Clinical and radiographic assessments were performed after 3, 6, 9 and 12 months postoperatively. Ninety two patients out of the hundred patients had finished their follow-up. Results of the current study showed that: In both MTAD and propolis groups, there was a statistically significant reduction in Log10 CFU of aerobic and anaerobic bacterial counts after irrigation. After 48 hours of irrigation, there was further statistically significant reduction in Log10 CFU of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in MTAD group. While in propolis group, there was a statistically significant increase in Log10 CFU of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria compared with the counts after irrigation. Clinical evaluation showed that the clinical success of pulpectomy using MTAD for irrigation was 86%, while in propolis group the clinical success was 76%. Treated teeth were considered clinically successful when patients reported being completely free from any pain, abscess, or fistula, intra or extra oral swelling or mobility during the follow up period of twelve months. Radiographic evaluation showed that the radiographic success of pulpectomy using MTAD for irrigation was 66%, while in propolis group the clinical success was 56%. Radiographic success was denoted by resolution of the radiographic infection process within 6 months, as evidenced by bone deposition in the pretreatment radiolucent areas according to the guidelines of the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry, 2014