الفهرس 
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Abstract
The English surgeon James Parkinson first discovered Parkinson’s disease (PD). He first coined the term ―shaking palsy‖ to describe PD. The term was used firstly Parkinson’s disease by Dunnett et al., (1999) based on the clinical and pathological description of Parkinson’s original cases.Besides, aging, environmental, and genetic factors are considered the most contributing factors to the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease, but the explicit etiology remains dubious (Fahn and Sulzer, 2004). Recent research has revealed that the focalization of PD may entail pivotal factors such as mitochondrial malfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and cellular suicide in the brain (Dauer and Przedborski, 2003; Block et al., 2007). The previously mentioned variables result in impediments of mitochondrial complex-1, protein aggregation, inflammation, cellular death, and glutamate-related excitotoxicity (Rios et al., 2017). On the other hand, oxidative stress plays a key function in the etiology and progression of Parkinson’s disease by destabilizing integral proteins and lipid molecules in the plasma membrane. Accordingly, the obviation of redox potential is necessary for neurocytes’ survival, and its disruption disrupts vital cellular processes, resulting in neuronal demise (Ingale and Kasture, 2014).