الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease with increasing prevalence and incidence. The clinical manifestation is multifaceted and targets the musculoskeletal system, the skin and different organs like lung and kidney. Up to 30–80% of SLE patients develop lupus nephritis, which often leads to chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease.