الفهرس 
المقدمةيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
 |  | from | 325 |  |  |
| | | from | 325 | | |
المستخلص
The essence of our study is to discuss the international responsibility for biological warfare and the protection of human rights in a state of emergency in the light of the provisions of international law. It is subjective that distinguishes it from anything else that is applied - or supposed to be applied - in normal circumstances. He also clarified the difficulty of defining a comprehensive definition of the state of emergency at the international level categorically due to the different foundations on which that state is based due to the different method of its organization that is related to the system of government, and he indicated that despite the different method of organizing the state of emergency, they agree in the purpose of its application, which is to grant the executive authority exceptional powers to confront The exceptional circumstances that called for the application of this exceptional system. Our study of the experiences of many countries revealed the extent of the gap between thought and application, as it became clear that most emergency situations in the international reality - with the exception of disaster emergencies - are a legal phenomenon behind which complex political motives hide, and that their application has moved away from the essence of the idea of exceptional circumstances and the controls of their legality in law. It also clarified that there is a close and certain relationship between states’ failure to comply with those controls on the one hand, and the spread of grave violations against human rights and fundamental freedoms on the other hand, especially if the state of emergency is prolonged or prolonged. As it became clear to us that international human rights law, wherever it permits state parties to use the license to temporarily deviate from some of its provisions in circumstances of war, public emergency or public danger that threatens the life of the nation or the security or independence of the state, has made this conditional on the compliance of the states - which use this license - With specific procedural and other objective controls that they must adhere to meticulously and so as not to leave the countries the freedom of individual and absolute discretion when.. and how.. they exercise their exceptional powers to impose restrictions on the rights and freedoms of individuals under these circumstances while making them responsible towards the international community for any abuses issued by them while using these powers.