الفهرس 
Introduction and Aim of the WorkOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
A spontaneous mouse mammary adenocarcinoma gives rise to an Ehrlich tumor, which undergoes intraperitoneal (ip) serial passages to adapt to an ascites form. The Ehrlich ascites model is frequently employed in experimental cancer research. The solid-form of Ehrlich tumor (EST), which develops through a subcutaneous inoculation method, is a useful tool for researching anti-cancer medications. The star anise tree, Illicium verum, produces dry fruits that are used as a spice and a source of chemicals for pharmaceuticals. The plant is indigenous to Vietnam and the southeast of China. It is a significant source of shikimic acid, which is utilized in the manufacture of the anti-influenza medication oseltamivir, in the pharmaceutical sector (Tamiflu). Its pharmacological potential and antibacterial qualities have contributed significantly to its increase in popularity. Star anise has been useful in the medical for treating a variety of diseases due to its antifungal, antibacterial,antimicrobial, insecticidal activity, anticancer activity, antiviral activity and anti-inflammatory activities. The mice were equally divided into six groups; group 1:(Control) in which mice did not receive any treatment; group 2: (SAE) ,in which mice received star anise extract orally for 2 weeks; group 3:(EST), including mice, each injected subcutaneously with 2.5-3×106 EAC cells; group 4: (SAE+EST), in which mice receivedstar anise extract and injected subcutaneously with 2.5-3×10 6 EAC cells for 2 weeks; group 5: (EST+SAE), including mice, each first injected subcutaneously with 2.5- 3×106 EAC cells for 2 weeks to induce EST, before treated with star anise extract orally for another 2 weeks; group 6: (Self t.EST), in which mice injected with EAC subcutaneously with 2.5-3×106 EAC cells for 2 weeks and kept for 2 weeks without treatments. Ehrlich tumor cells accumulated from donor mice (Swiss albino) of 20- 25 g frame weight received and suspended in sterile isotonic saline. Aconstant range off easible cells (commonly2.5x106 cells/20g frame weight) have been transferred to whole some animals through ip transplantation of every recipient mouse. Once the experiment is over, subjects will fast for one day, be given sodium pentobarbital as anesthetics and be sacrificed. Mice were slaughtered at the conclusion of the experiment by administering sodium pentobarbital intra peritoneally and they underwent a full necropsy. Each mouse had individual blood samples taken from the inferior vena cava and placed some in EDTA tubes for analysis of Hematological tests and other in non-heparinized glass tubes for analysis of liver, electrolytes and renal function. The obtained results can be summarized as follow: Data showed that cells, variety changes, and meiotic cells from ascites fluid in mice after inoculation with Ehrlich cells have been multiplied in the ESTuntreated group. However, the amount of fluid, tumor cells and meiotic cells were reduced when treated with SAE with the reduction in biochemical changes being particularly evident in the EST group. In occulted mice with Ehrlich cells confirmed proliferation of liver and kidney DNA harm as compared to the control. A significant elevation in serum levels of kidney functions (urea and creatinine), and electrolytes (potassium and chloride) while a significant depletion in electrolytes (calcium and sodium) in EST and self-treated EST as compared with control . However, treatments of mice with SAE in Cotreated (SAE+EST) and in post-treated (EST+SAE) showed a significant depletion in urea, creatinine, chloride and potassium while a significant elevation in calcium and sodium when compared to EST and self-treated EST group, the ameliorated group was more marked in the post-treated. A significant increase in serum activities of AST,ALT andALP while a significant decrease in albumin and total proteins levels in EST and selftreated EST as compared with control mice. However, treatments of mice with SAE in Co-treated (SAE+EST) and in post-treated (EST+SAE) showed a significant decrease in serum AST, ALT and ALP levels while a significant increase in albumin and total proteins levels when compared to EST and selftreated EST group, the ameliorated group was more pronounced in the posttreated group. In occulted mice with Ehrlich cells confirmed modifications in hematological parameters (RBCs,WBCs, Hgb and PLTs)as compared to the manipulate group, at the same time as the handledwith SAE in (SAE+EST) and (EST+SAE). A significant increase in MDA while a significant decrease the activities of GSH,SOD and CAT in was observed in kidney and liver homogenate of EST and self-treated EST as compared with control mice. However, treated of mice with SAE in Co-treated (SAE+EST) and in posttreated (EST+SAE) groups showed a significant decrease in MDA while a significant increase in GSH, SOD and CAT when compared to EST and selftreated EST group, the ameliorated group was more pronounced in the posttreated group. Kidney histological evaluation of cortical and medullary part incontrol and SAE groups of mice showtypical glomeruli and renal tubules structures . Conversely, kidney in EST and self-treated EST exposed severe atrophy in glomeruli and, necrotic tubular cells with mild inflammatory cellular infiltration . Kidney sections co-treated of EST mice with SAE (EST+SAE) revealedmoderate atrophy in glomeruli and renal tubular cells , while; mild atrophy in glomeruli were observed in kidney sections in SAE+EST. The histo-pathological changes in the liver sections from the control and SAE groups of mice showed hepatocytes with prominent round nuclei, eosinophilic cytoplasm, and few spaced hepatic sinusoids arranged inbetween the hepatic cords with a fine arrangement of Kupffer cells . On the other hand; liver sections in EST bearing mice and self-treated EST with SAE revealed severe tissue injury with exhibited marked degeneration in hepatic cords in addition to pyknotic nuclei indicating apoptosis, moderate fibrosis, and marked diffuse necrosis of hepatic tissue, marked inflammatory cells . Liver sections co-treated of EST mice with SAE (EST+SAE) revealed moderate damage and clear improvement of all changes in hepatocytes, while; mild to moderate damage, cellular infiltrations, cytoplasmic vacuolization of hepatocytes, many foci of apoptotic cells and marked inflammatory cells were observed in liver sections in SAE+EST. DNA fragmentation in kidney in different groups.In control and SAE groups there are strip without any smear, which means no fragmentation occurred. In SAE there is a band in kidney.It is showed that presence of thick long smear in EST but thin in Self t. EST which mean that ;there is fragmented DNA in kidney,while bands are more clear in EST+SAE than SAE+EST compared to EST but more intense in EST+SAE due to treatment of kidney while band started to appear in Self t. EST . DNA fragmentation in liver in different groups. In control and SAE groups there are strip without any smear, which means no fragmentation occurred. In SAE there is a band in liver. It is showed that presence of thick long smear in EST but thin in Self t. EST which mean that ;there is fragmented DNA in liver, while bands are more clear in EST+SAE than SAE+EST compared to EST but more intense in EST+SAE due to treatment of liver while band started to appear in Self t. EST . Regarding TNF-αexpressions in liver sections of both control (G1) and SAE (G2) groups showed fine positive reactions , while, our results revealed that TNF-α level was significantly increased in EST and self t. EST group when comparison with the control and SAE groups . Levels of TNF-α was significantly decreased in treated EST+SAE and slightly decreased in SAE+EST as compared to their increased levels in EST group . These results indicate that; star anise extract acts to reduce EST induced hepatotoxicity through its anti-inflammatory effects. Regarding TNF-αexpressions in the sections of both control and SAEkidney, fine positive reactions , while, our results shown that; TNF-α level was significantly enlarged in EST and self t. EST when comparison with the control and SAE . Levels of TNF-α was significantly decreased in treated EST+SAE and slightly decreased in SAE+EST as compared to their increased in EST . These results indicate that; star anise extract acts to reduce EST induced nephrotoxicity through its anti-inflammatory effects.