الفهرس 
Chapter 1: Needle Stick Injuries (NSI)Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Needle stick injuries (NSIs) are the percutaneous injuries that are caused by needles, such as hypodermic needles, blood collection needles, intravenous stylets, and needles used to connect parts of intravenous delivery systems. NSIs are very common and in many instances unavoidable among healthcare providers when they are delivering patient care. Around 75% of the NSIs in developing countries are not reported.Increased working hours, night shifts and negligence of universal precautions were also independent risk factors for NSI.Lack of adequate resources and tiredness of staffs are also associated with increased risk of NSIs.Blood-borne infections can lead to serious problems, including long-term illnesses, disability and death.Infections due to occupational accidents with needles or other sharp instruments can transmit more than 20 different pathogens. The most important BBVs are: hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV.Active surveillance and periodic review of interventions are important aspects to reduce NSSIs in targeted high risk occupational groups, especially when the workforce has a high turnover, as in academic health centers. Several suggestions have been made for preventing and limiting sharp injuries among HCWs. These include health education, behavior change (e.g. not recapping needle, disposal related issued), introduction of barriers to protect the caregivers, safer techniques, safer devices.This an interventional study was conducted on 104 personell of primary health care centers (PHCs) including health care workers