الفهرس 
English summaryOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes) is among the most spread freshwater macrophytes all over the globe. It is a fast growing, free-floating macrophyte, native to South America, but has been introduced to, and naturalized in, several tropical and sub- tropical regions. This plant has thick, kidney-shaped leaves and spongy, air-containing stems which help the plant to float on the water surface (Muche, et al., 2020). Water hyacinth is considered one of the world’s worst invasive aquatic plants, due to its fast growth and reproduction, forming dense mats that block navigation and interfere with fishing, irrigation, and recreation. It also prevents photosynthesis in the aquatic ecosystem, leading to oxygen deficiency and destruction of the native biodiversity (Mironga, et al., 2011; Patel, 2012). On the other hand, coontail (also known as hornwort) is a submerged, free-floating freshwater macrophyte. It is also widely distributed in shallow freshwater lakes, ponds, quiet streams and irrigation and drainage canals in many countries worldwide, especially in moderately to highly eutrophic conditions (Balkhasher, et al., 2021; Gao, et al., 2016).