الفهرس 
Introduction & Aim of the workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Spontaneous abortion is specified to end a pregnancy without medical or mechanical means before a fetus is sufficiently established to be able to survive. In other words, its fetus loss before the twenty week of gestation. spontaneous miscarriage may be the outcome in 15% of confirmed pregnancies. The recurrent loss is confirmed if loss occure in ≥3 pregnancies, with prevalence of 2% of pregnancies.
Ultrasonography has an important function in defining the proceeding of pregnancy and foreseeing outcome. 1st trimester of pregnancy is known as twelve weeks next to the last menstrual period is now a method of predicting an abnormal fetal outcome in both cases where a live embryo is present and even before visualization of the embryo itself.
With continuous technological achievements; high-frequency transvaginal scanning, have permitted the resolution of ultrasound imaging in the 1st trimester to develop to a level at which early fetal development can be estimated and watched in detail.
Ultrasonography is a safe method because it does use too low power levels and not use ionizing radiation, so not cause adverse heating or pressure effects in tissue. Generally Ultrasonography advantages to patients outweigh the risks.
Researchers have tried to discover some useful sonographic indicators in early pregnancy so as to expect the outcome of the ongoing pregnancy. These are as follows; gestational sac diameter (GSD), yolk sac diameter (YSD), crown-rump length (CRL), and fetal heart rate (FHR). CRL gives a more precise assessment of gestational age because GSD shows higher variability of prediction of age.
This study was conducted to assess first-trimester ultrasound measurements role for the prediction of early pregnancy loss
This is a prospective observational cohort study done in EL- MINIA CITY in outpatient clinic of obstetrics and gynecology department of EL- IMINA MATERNITY UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL from 1st February-31st August 2021. Study carried out on a convenient, randomly selected sample of 78 pregnant women who were attendants this hospital.
The main results of the study revealed that:
Demographics of the patient population divided by pregnancies that resulted in a first trimester loss and those that progressed beyond the first trimester (continuing pregnancy).
The gestational sac diameter at 6 wks. of gestation (14.5±1.3) was lower among with first trimester loss group than those continue pregnancy (26.1±5.2), this relation was statistically significant.The gestational sac diameter at 9 wks. of gestation (28.1±3.3) was lower among with first trimester loss group than those continue pregnancy (37.8±2.5), this relation was statistically significant. The gestational sac diameter at 12 wks. of gestation (25.1±3.5) was lower among with first trimester loss group than those continue pregnancy (59.2±4.1), this relation was statistically significant.
The Yolk sac diameter at 9 wks. of gestation was lower among with first trimester loss group (5.3±0.9) than those continue pregnancy (5.8±0.6), this relation was statistically significant. The Yolk sac diameter at 12 wks. of gestation was lower among with first trimester loss group (3.6±0.3) than those continue pregnancy (4.5±0.7), this relation was statistically not significant. There was lower steady increase in yolk sac diameter then decrease after 9 wks. of gestation among the group with early pregnancy loss than the continuing pregnancy group.
The crown–rump length (CRL) at 6 wk of gestation was lower among with first trimester loss group (3.1±0.8) than those continue pregnancy (5.1±0.5), this relation was statistically not significant. The CRL at 9 wk of gestation was lower among with first trimester loss group (17.5±6.7) thanthose continue pregnancy (27.8±3.6), this relation was statistically significant. The CRL at 12 wk of gestation was lower among with first trimester loss group (13± 2.1) than those continue pregnancy (50.7±5.7), this relation was statistically not significant.
The Fetal heart rate (FHR) at 6 wks. of gestation was lower among with first trimester loss group (105±10.6) than those continue pregnancy (119±3), this relation was statistically significant. The FHR at 9 wks. of gestation was lower among with first trimester loss group (162±9) than those continue pregnancy (170±4), this relation was statistically not significant. The FHR at 12 wks. of gestation was lower among with first trimester loss group (165± 1) than those continue pregnancy (171±5), this relation was statistically significant.
Based on our results we recommend for further studies on larger patients and longer period of follow up to emphasize our conclusion.