الفهرس 
Monitoring of heavy metals pollution in nile water and their impacts on some fishes in Egypt and Sudan
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Abstract
El Bahr El Pharony, located in Menoufia Governorate, is one of the most seriously contaminated surface water in Egypt. This study analyzed the physiochemical parameters of water and the concentrations of heavy metals (Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) in water, sediments and tilapia fish (gills and muscles). Samples were collected seasonally, from five locations along El Bahr El Pharony( Kafr El Khadra, Hiat, Kafr Fisha, Menof, Kafr El Ashrii) during 2016-2017. Analysis of condition factor for fish, metal pollution index, bioaccumlation factor, hazard health index, cumulative risk effect and CCME WQI for the evaluation of water for protection of aquatic life was calculated. The results showed that there were low grades of contamination and potential ecological risk for heavy metals, suggesting that heavy metals in water were more likely to pose risks to the ecosystem. The overall mean concentrations of heavy metals were observed in the following orders Al> Mn > Fe>Ni > Cu > Cd > Zn> Pb>Cr>Co for water, Fe> Al> Mn> Zn> Cu> Cr> Ni> Pb> Co> Cd for sediment, Fe> Al> Mn>Zn>Cu> Ni> Pb>Cr>Co>Cd for gills and Fe> Al> Mn> Zn>Pb> Cu> Cr> Ni> Cd>Co for muscles. The calculated results of different indices were in good accordance. Pollution in the El Bahr El Pharony is attributed to agricultural and domestic sewage along its banks. Therefore, future pollution control and management plans should emphasize the strict regulation of discharge from these activities. The present study recommends renewing water with ground water by increasing the number of pumps along El Bahr El Pharony to protect aquatic life