الفهرس 
Axillary lymph node metastasis in ductal carcinoma in situ patients underwent axillary clearance
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Abstract
Background: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast is a pre-invasive lesion with theoretically no potential for lymph node or distant metastases by definition. The diagnosis of DCIS has increased dramatically with the introduction of screening mammography, and now comprises approximately 20 percent of all newly diagnosed breast cancers. There is controversy in optimal treatment strategy design for DCIS. The options for surgical treatment include simple mastectomy or breast-conserving surgery (often called lumpectomy, though in most cases, there is no lump), with only the affected areas of the breast excised. So far the management of axilla in DCIS has dramatically changed. Axillary dissection rates have been decreased since 1990s because it has been shown that omission of axillary dissection in patients with pure in situ disease had no adverse effect on survival or recurrence. In the era of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) which has been well established in early invasive breast cancer with low axillary recurrence, the center of argument in DCIS has become 2to do or not to do SLNB in patients with DCIS?3. Methods Retrospective analysis of all the patients diagnosed with pure DCIS with or without microinvasion between the period of 2005-2014 and underwent any form of surgery and axillary clearance and assessment of the number of cases with positive lymph nodes. Results One hundred and ten (110) cases were enrolled in our study having DCIS and underwent surgery with axillary clearance, 105 had negative lymph node metastasis and 5 patients had positive metastatic lymph node in their final pathology report. Of the 110 patients, 53 had an underlying mass (48%) which was mostly situated in the upper outer quadrant of the breast 36%