الفهرس 
Urinary interleukin-6 as an early marker for diabetic nephropathy in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes
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Abstract
Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), however, adverse outcomes of DN can be prevented or delayed through its early detection. Objective: to evaluate urinary interleukin-6 (IL-6) level as an early marker of DN in children and adolescents with T1DM in relation to albuminuria and other parameters. Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 children and adolescents with T1DM > 5 years, aged <18 years. Patients were subdivided according to their albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) into two groups; group I: normoalbuminuric with ACR < 30mg/g creatinine (n=25), group II: albuminuric with ACR 30-300mg/g creatinine (n=25), together with, group III; age and sex-matched healthy control with no diabetes (n=25). ACR and other parameters were done for the patients. Urinary IL-6 was measured in the patients and controls. Results: There was a significantly higher systolic (SBP) (P=0.049) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (P=0.029), and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level in group II in comparison to group I. Urinary IL-6 was not statistically different between the patients and controls or between the two patient groups. In group I, we found a significant negative correlation between urinary IL-6 and patients’ age (r= -0.41, p=0.04), and a significant positive correlation between urinary IL-6 and patients’ height SDS (r=0.454, P=0.023). In addition, postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) level showed a significant negative correlation with urinary IL-6 (r=-0.404, P=0.045) in group II. Conclusion: This study provides evidence that hypertension and poor glycemic control are associated with albuminuria and therefore development of DN. Urinary IL-6 did not differ significantly between patients and controls and also, between patients with normoalbuminuria or albuminuria. Hence, further studies on a wider scale are needed to evaluate urinary IL-6 as a useful non-invasive marker for early detection of DN among T1DM patients