الفهرس 
Molecular and biological characterization of olive latent virus-1 and olive latent virus-2 infecting olive trees in Egypt
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Abstract
Three hundred shoots samples were collected from symptomatic and asymptomatic ten olive cultivars from three different locations (Siwa, Marsa Matrouh and Beheira) in Egypt during the years 2014, 2015. RNA was extracted and used directly for one step RT-PCR to detect and identify each of the two viruses most commonly found in olive trees with specific primer for each virus.The detected OLV-1 and OLV-2 were successfully transmitted by mechanical transmission and grafting to healthy olive seedlings. Host range and symptomology of OLV-1 and OLV-2 were studied. Obtained results observed that OLV-1 infected three hosts and showed systemic mosaic and yellowing on Nicotiana benthamiana, yellowing and vein clearing followed by systemic infection on Nicotiana tabacum, necrotic local lesions followed by systemic infection on Chenopodium amaranticalar. Obtained results observed that OLV-2 infected three hosts and showed systemic chlorotic and necrosis local lesion followed by systemic infection on Nicotiana benthamian, systemic chlorotic, deformation and leaf curl followed by systemic infection on Nicotiana occidentalis, necrotic local lesions and vein clearing followed by systemic infection on Chenopodium quinoa. Electron microscopy of sap extracts from olive leaves infected with Olive latent virus 1 (OLV-1) showed spherical isometric particles (30{u00D7}36nm) and Olive latent virus 2 (OLV-2) showed bacilliform particles (26{u00D7}55nm). Ultrastructure changes in inoculated Ch. amaranticolor and Ch. quinoa showed necrotization and vacuolization of the cytoplasm, laysis and degradation of chloroplast membrane, deformation of chloroplast, tubular like structural crossing the call wall and deformation and laysis of the nucleus. Total RNA was isolated from about 300 collected olive samples and RT-PCR method was performed using OLV-1 and OLV-2 specific primer for each virus