الفهرس 
Aerodynamic shape optimization of helicopter rotor blades
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Abstract
This study proposes an optimization process of helicopter rotor blades in hover for aerodynamic performance enhancements. The Caradonna-Tung rotor is used as a baseline to start the optimization, ending up with new geometry with enhanced characteristics. The study starts with searching for optimal blade airfoil shape using the adjoint method, hence this optimal shape is used to redesign the baseline blade with a genetic algorithm code. This study considers helicopter rotor in hover only, so that the hovering required power is chosen as the objective function which is formulated in figure of merit parameter, in addition to the main rotor total thrust as a second objective. Verification of this process is performed with a steady Reynolds-averaged Navier-stokes CFD simulation by comparing the two blades and checking the optimization process accuracy. Optimal blade should show the required improvements comparing to the baseline