الفهرس 
Preparation of inactivated trivalent vaccine of New castle disease virus and avian influenza viruses subtypes H5N1 and H9N2
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Abstract
The present study was to prepare a trivalent inactivated vaccine ND, H5N1 and H9N2 viruses. Three monovalent and one trivalent vaccines were prepared by emulsifying inactivated NDV (LaSota strain),reassortant H5N1 and H9N2 viruses with Montanide ISA 71 oil adjuvant. Parameters used for evaluation of efficacy of the prepared vaccines in SPF chickens were cellular immunity assays (blastogenesis, IF gamma, IL1 and IL6) .and humoral immunity by HI, protection % and shedding were also determined. A single immunization with tivalent vaccine enhances cell mediated immunity as well as humoral immune response with 90% protection against challenges with HPAI H5N1 and LPAI H9N2 viruses with 100% protection were obtained after challenge with NDV comparing the trivalent vaccine with monovalent vaccines in the study report the success in preparation of a potent and efficient trivalent vaccine which is a promising approach for controlling HPAI H5N1, low pathogenic H9N2 and ND viral infections