الفهرس 
Studies on parasites infecting freshwater fishes with special references to Family: Clinostomatidae in Egypt
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Abstract
Investigation of the parasitic infection among five species of freshwater fishes (778) from the Nile at elmoneeb, Giza governorate. About 384 fishes had parasitic infections with incidence of infection (49.35%), the isolated parasites among examined fishes morphologically described. In the present study, the total incidence of different types of EMC among examined Nile tilapia (tilapia zilli, oreochromis niloticus) was 81.22% include clinostomumum spp., euclinostomum spp., cyathcotylidae, heterophyidae and diplostomatidae was 40.77%, 15.37%, 17.15%, 5.33% and 2.58%. In the present study, evaluating the efficacy of plant oil extracts verbesina alternifolia and Mentha piperita on C.phalacrocoracis excysted metacercaria (CExMC)and excysted metacercaria of euclinostomum heterostomum (EExMC) revealed that V. alternifolia had stronger effect than M.piperita as anthelmintic agents. Mortalities due to exposure to verbesina and M.piperita plant oil extracts induce alterations in the morphology by SEM of exposed ExMC and histopathological changes. The Molecular characterization of Clinostomum complanatum by PCR revealed that all of the inspected samples containing the nucleotide corresponding to molecular weight of 404 bp. The real-time PCR, succeeded in diagnosis of cyathcotylidae EMC in suspected fish muscles