الفهرس 
The genetic structure of indigenous chicken breeds in Egypt
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Abstract
This study aimed at the evaluation of the genetic backgrounds of the native Egyptian chicken breeds as ecological units. Five native Egyptian chicken populations with different genetic backgrounds were used, and were Fayoumi (Fay) Sinai Bedouin (SB), White Baladi (WB), normally-feathered Baladi (CE2) and naked{u2013}neck Baladi (CE4). The genomes of 20 individuals of each population were scanned by microsatellite primers of four microsatellite loci on the chromosomes 3, 4 and 5. The populations WB and Fay had average allele richness (Ar) of 7.75 and 6.25 alleles/locus, whereas populations CE2, CE4 and SB had Ar of 5.5, 5.25 and 4.4 alleles/locus. The average effective number of alleles (Ae) in Fay, SB, WB, CE2 and CE4 were 4.82, 3.21, 5.39, 4.30 and 4.19 alleles/ locus, respectively. The average differences between Ar and Ae in SB, CE2 and CE4 were 1.29, 1.20 and 1.06 respectively, and were probably referred to the occurrence of inbreeding. The average PIC was 0.765, 0.592, 0.786, 0.714 and 0.764 in Fay, SB, WB, CE2 and CE4 populations respectively, and reflected the high allele richness in the populations. The populations Fay, CE2 and CE4 showed significant differences between Ho and He reflecting genetic instability in each. However, Sinai Bedouin and white Baladi showed genetic stability. The values of FIT averaged 0.567, and indicated that almost 57% of the total genetic variation was accounted for the differences among all individuals. The FIS averaged 0.178, and indicated that most of the genetic variation was between populations with apparent contribution of inbreeding. The value of FST averaged 0.373, and explained 63% of the genetic variations to be between chicken populations