الفهرس 
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Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths among women. The development of breast cancer is a multi-step process involving multiple cell types. There’re numerous risk factors such as sex, aging, estrogen, family history, gene mutations and unhealthy lifestyle, which can increase the possibility of developing breast cancer and its prevention remains challenging in the world. Early diagnosis of breast cancer is one of the best approaches to prevent this disease. In the recent decade, great progress has been made in the understanding of breast cancer as well as in the development of preventative methods.
Mammography is a widely used screening approach in the detecting of breast cancer and proved to help reduce the mortality effectively. Other screening methods, such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), which is more sensitive than mammography, have also been implemented and studied during the last decade. Pathogenesis and tumor drug-resistant mechanisms are revealed by many genes are found related to breast cancer. Currently, people have more drug options for the chemoprevention of breast cancer, while biological prevention has been recently developed to improve patients’ quality of life.
Therefore, there is an urgent need to find a suitable diagnostic genetic marker for breast cancer. Among the genetic factors, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a decisive role in the regulation of tumor suppressor genes and cancer-associated oncogenes. In normal cells, lncRNAs contribute to the precise expression of genes involved in the regulation of cell growth. In addition, dysregulation of lncRNAs is involved in the progression and drug resistance of breast cancer cells as well as other cancer types. Despite the extensive studies on the role of lncRNAs in tumorigenesis the exact mechanisms of tumorigenesis and metastasis regulation by these ncRNAs have not been fully understood.
However, recent studies have shed light on the realm of ncRNAs and introduced valuable candidates for cancer prevention and treatment. Previous studies showed the significant overexpression of AK058003 in esophageal carcinoma contributing to the progression, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells. Moreover, LncRNA-AK058003 has been reported to be upregulated in gastric cancer and supposed to promote cancer metastasis by targeting the SNCG.
The unregulated LncRNA-AK058003 activates SNCG, which in turn stimulates the proliferation, invasion, and migration of BC. The expression levels of LncRNA-AK058003 have been indicated to be downregulated in HCC tissues.
In our study, blood samples were collected from 27 healthy women and 27female BC patients. RNA was extracted from the blood of both groups, and cDNA was then synthesized. Blood samples from breast cancer patients were analysed using real-time PCR to determine if the LncRNA-AK058003 gene expression is associated with disease progression. In clinical diagnostics, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used to identify minor mutations, gene expression, gene deletion, and amplification. This approach enables sensitive gene expression detection and monitoring
The present study provides insights into the expression levels of AK058003 in the blood specimens of BC patients.
The expression level of LncRNA-AK058003 in blood samples were demonstrated to be significantly higher in BC patients in comparison to controls. Also, there was significant high relationship between expression of gene and breast cancer patient with positive family history and with breast cancer patients with chronic diseases.
LncRNA-AK058003 expression levels were demonstrated to be significantly increased in breast cancer patients, which may be useful marker for the early diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer patients. Further studies are needed to fully understand the molecular mechanisms of LncRNA application for diagnostic purposes in future.