الفهرس 
REVIEW OF LITERATUREOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
5- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
The study was conducted under the following factors:
Feeding speed (0.75, 1, 1.25m/s)-
- The cutting speed of the knives (1000, 1200, 1400 RPM),
- angle of cutting knives( 15°, 30°)
- Clearance between knives (2.5 mm)
- moisture content (5.3 and 73 %) for Stover maize and green maize respectively .
and the machine was tested with the following measurement indicators (productivity, total required capacity, required cutting power, specific energy, cutting efficiency, operating costs).
When studying the engineering factors on the performance of the machine before and after the modification, the results showed that:
A- shredder Performance parameter for maize Stover stalk
1- Productivity: The productivity of the machine increased from 84.48 to 99.310 kg.hr-1 , when the speed of the feeding rate was increased from 0.75 to 1.25 m/s. It was also noticed that the productivity of the machine increased from 79.120 to 99.310 kg.hr-1 when the speed of the cutting knives was increased from 1000 to1400 RPM. And the productivity of the machine also increased from 99.310 to 105.170 kg.hr-1, When increasing the cutting angle from 15° to 30°. There were no differences in productivity when the machine was operating after and before modification.
2- Total required power: The total required power increased from 0.432 to 0.474 kW and from 0.272 to 0.298 kW, before and after modification respectively, when the speed of the feeding rate was increased from 0.75 to 1.25 m/s, also it was noticed that the total required power increased from 0.324 to 0.474 KW and from 0.214 to 0.298 kW, before and after modification machine respectively, when increasing the speed of cutting knives from1000 to1400 rpm, While the total required power decreased from 0.474 to 0.449 kW and from 0.298 to 0.289 kW, before and after modification machine respectively, when increasing the cutting angle of the knives from 15° to 30°, when the machine was operating after and before modification machine. The electronic system (sensor) that operates the machine automatically had a role in reducing the total required power, due to the absence of lost time when operating the machine.
3- The power required for cutting: The power required for cutting increased from 0.249 to 0.291 kW when the speed of the feeding rate was increased from 0.75 to1.25 m/s, also it was noted that the power required for cutting increased from0.207 to 0.291 kW, when the speed of the cutting knives is increased from1000 to 1400 rpm. While the power required for cutting decreased from 0.291 to 0.266 kW when the cutting angle of the knives was increased from 15° to 30°.when the machine was operating after and before modification . There were no differences in the power required for cutting when the machine was operating after and before modification.
4- Specific energy: The specific energy decreased from 0.0051 to 0.0046 kW.h.kg-1 when the speed of the feeding rate was increased from0.75 to 1.25 m/s, while it was observed that the specific energy increased from 0.0041 to 0.0046 kW.h.kg-1, when the speed of the cutting knives was increased from 1000 to1400 rpm. The specific energy has also increased from 0.0042 to 0.0046 kW.h.kg-1, when the cutting angle of the knives is increased from 15° to 30° , when the machine was operating after and before modification.
5- Cutting efficiency: The cutting efficiency is increased from 79.3 to 82.8 % when the speed of the feeding rate was increased from 0.75 to 1.25 m/s at the moisture content 5.3% and the knife clearance is 2.5 mm. Also, it was noticed that the machine efficiency increased from 74.9 to 82.8 %, when the speed of cutting knives increased from 1000 to 1400 rpm. It was also noticed that the cutting efficiency increased from 82.8 to 83.4 % when the cutting angle was increased from 15° to 30°.
6- Cutting lengths: The average cutting lengths increased with the increase in the speed of the feed cylinder, for example, the average cutting lengths increased from 0.75 to 1.25 cm when the speed of the feeding rate cylinder was increased from 0.75 to1.25 m/s, and it was also noticed when the speed of the knives was increased and the speed of the feeding rate was reduced, the average cutting lengths decreased. where the average cutting lengths directly depend on the speed of the knives, the rate of feed speed and the clearance between knives.
B- shredder Performance parameter for green maize stalks
1- Productivity: The productivity of the machine increased from70.40 to 77.83 kg.h-1 when the speed of the feeding rate was increased from 0.75 to 1.25 m/s, it was also noticed that the productivity of the machine increased from 63.71 to77.83 kg.h-1, when the speed of the cutting knives was increased from1000 to1400 rpm. And the productivity of the machine also increased from77.83 to78.93 kg.h-1, When increasing the cutting angle from 15° to 30°. There were no differences in productivity when the machine was operating after and before modification.
7- Total required power: The total required power increased from 0.565 to 0.607 kW and from 0.382 to 0.432 kW, before and after modification respectively, when the speed of the feeding rate was increased from 0.75 to 1.25 m/s, also it was noticed that the total required power increased from0.382 to 0.607 KW and from 0.291 to 0.432 kW, before and after modification respectively, when increasing the speed of cutting knives from1000 to 1400 rpm. While the total required power decreased from 0.607 to 0.598 kW and from 0.432 to 0.415 kW, before and after modification respectively, when increasing the cutting angle of the knives from 15° to 30°, when the machine was operating after and before modification. The electronic system that operates the machine automatically had a role in reducing the total required capacity, due to the absence of lost time when operating the machine.
2- The power required for cutting: The power required for cutting increased from 0.382 to 0.424 kW when the speed of the feeding rate was increased from 0.75 to 1.25 m/s, also it was noticed that the power required for cutting increased from 0.266 to 0.424 kW when the speed of the cutting knives is increased from 1000 to 1400 rpm. While the power required for cutting decreased from0.424 to 0.415 kW when the cutting angle of the knives was increased from 15° to 30° degrees, when the machine was operating after and before modification. There were no differences in the power required for cutting when the machine was operating after and before modification.
3- Specific energy: The specific energy decreased from 0.00566 to 0.00559 kW.h.kg-1when the speed of the feeding rate was increased from 0.75 to1.25 m/s, while it was observed that the specific energy increased from 0.00434 to 0.00559 kW.h.kg-1when the speed of the cutting knives is increased from1000 to 1400 rpm. The specific power has also increased from 0.0052 to 0.00559 kW.h.kg-1when the cutting angle of the knives is increased from 15° to 30° when the machine was operating after and before modification.
4- Cutting efficiency: The cutting efficiency is increased from 73.4 to 74.3% when the speed of the feeding rate was increased from 0.75 to 1.25 m/s at the moisture content5.3% and the knife clearance is 2mm. Also, it was noticed that the machine efficiency increased from 67.5 to 74.3%, when the speed of cutting knives increased from1000 to 1400 rpm. It was also noticed that the cutting efficiency increased from 74.3 to 75.5 %, when the cutting angle was increased from 15° to 30°.
5- Cutting lengths: : The average cutting lengths increased with the increase in the speed of the feed cylinder, for example, the average cutting lengths increased from 0.75 to 1.25 cm when the speed of the feeding rate cylinder was increased from 0.75 to1.25 m/s, and it was also noticed when the speed of the knives was increased and the speed of the feeding rate was reduced, the average cutting lengths decreased. where the average cutting lengths directly depend on the speed of the knives, the rate of feed speed and the clearance between knives.
c- Chopping costs
1- The costs of cutting using the machine after modification (electronic system with sensor) with an electric motor were 180.55 and 239.87 LE for maize Stover and green maize respectively.
2- The cost of cutting using the machine before modification with an electric motor were 184.97 and 244.54 LE for maize Stover and green maize respectively.
3- The cost of cutting using the machine was powered by a gasoline engine were 202.73 and 270.28 LE for maize Stover and green maize respectively.
also noticed, the operating cost of the machine for cutting maize Stover was less than the operating costs of the machine for cutting green maize stalks.
Recommendations
1- We recommend using the modified machine that operates with an electronic control system (sensor) to cut the stems of agricultural residues in order to save energy consumed and reduce lost time.
2- We recommend using the modified machine that the animal feed shredder with agricultural residues with dry stems, as well as agricultural residues with stems with low moisture content.
3- We recommend using the modified in small farms because the working part is small, and if it is intended to be used for large farms, the working part must be enlarged