الفهرس 
DIABETES MELLITUSOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Diabetes is a disease that occurs when your blood glucose, is too high. Blood glucose is your main source of energy and comes from the food you eat. Over time, having too much glucose in your blood can cause health problems. Although diabetes has no cure. Despite the development of the pharmaceutical industry in the post industrial revolution period, phytotherapy is still a resource among the therapeutic. The low cost and the cultural compatibility may encourage phytotherapeutics and medicinal plants use in primary health care, and they may compensate for the chronic lack of medicine in these services. So, the present study was designy conducted to evaluate the potential effect of pitaya fruit on biological, biochemical and histological changes of male diabetic rats and the possibility of improving this condition.
To verify these aims, the design of this study was as follows:
The study was conducted on 30 male albino mice weighting ranged from (140 ± 10 g) in this experiment, they were fed basal diet for 7 days and then divided into two main groups:_
First: the normal group (negative control) (5 rats): they were fed the ideal meal and drinking water only for the duration of the experiment.
Second: The infected group (25 rats) were injected with alloxan 150 mg/kg of body weight were considered diabetic.
This group is divided into the following subgroups:
group (1): Control positive, diabetic rats fed on basal diet only.
group (2): Diabetic rats fed on basal diet and 5 mg/kg. B.w. pitaya flesh juice.
group (3): Diabetic rats fed on basal diet and 7.5 mg/kg. B.w. pitaya flesh juice.
group (4): Diabetic rats fed on basal diet containing 2.5% pitaya peels powder.
group (5): Diabetic rats fed on basal diet containing 5% pitaya peels powder.
At the end of the experiment, mice were weighed, then slaughtered, blood samples collected and centrifuged at 3000 laps/15 minutes to separate the serum, The liver, kidneys, heart, lung, and spleen) were taken from each rat and washed in saline solution dried by filter paper and weighted in 10% formalin.
The following experiences:
1_ Biological evaluation of rats, the percentage of increase in body weight, rate of food efficiency, the ratio of organ weight to body weight.
2-Biochemical analysis of blood serum by estimation of kidney function (urea - creatinine - uric acid), liver function (aspartate aminotransferase - alanine aminotransferase - alkaline phosphatase, T. protein, albumin and globulin) , lipids fraction (total cholesterol – triglycerides – HDL – VLDL – LDL ), biological oxidation (malonaldehyde) and antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase, glutathione peroxidase) and determination of glucose in serum.
3-Histopathological analyzes of organs (liver - kidney).
4-Analysis of the results can be used using Costat and the results are presented as standard deviation.
The results arrived at revealed the following:
1. The incidence of diabetes reduced the body weight gain, feed intake as well as feed efficiency ratio and it was gained by feeding the groups with pitaya juice and pitaya peel powder, the best group was recorded for group (5) which contained pitaya peel powder 5%.
2. The relative weights of the internal organs (liver, kidney and heart) of diabetic rats increased compared to the negative group, but the groups that were fed pitaya juice and pitaya peel powder decreased the enlargement of the internal organs and their relative weights decreased compared to the negative control group in the rats. the best treatment show a decrease in the maximum relative weights of rats recorded by the group(5) which contained pitaya peel powder 5%.
3. Diabetes has led to a significant increase in the levels of liver enzymes. These rates were reduced by feeding the groups on pitaya juice and pitaya peel powder. The levels of liver enzymes in group (5) which contained pitaya peel powder 5% were very close to the control group.
4. Diabetes leads to an increase in blood urea, creatinine and uric acid, while it decreases when diabetic rats are fed pitaya juice and pitaya peel powder. group (4) which contained pitaya peel powder 2.5% and group (5) which contained pitaya peel powder 5% that were fed pitaya peel powder had the best results.
5. Diabetes led to a rise in the serum lipids fractions of TC, TG, VLDL and LDL, while HDL was reduced. On the other hand feeding rats on pitaya juice and pitaya peel powder reversed these changes. the best group (5) which contained pitaya peel powder 5%.
6. Diabetes caused disorders in the serum glucose level leading to the increased, while rats fed with pitaya juice and pitaya peel powder recorded an improvement in it especially the group(5) that was fed pitaya peel powder 5%.
7. CAT and GPX decreased due to diabetes, while MDA increased, while the opposite occurred when diabetic rats were fed on pitaya juice and pitaya peel powder. It was proved that the group (5) which contained pitaya peel powder 5% was the best results.
8. Diabetes led to the deterioration of organs (liver, kidney and heart) On the other hand, feeding rats on pitaya juice and pitaya peel powder reversed these changes. The best group (4) which contained pitaya peel powder 2.5% and group (5) which contains 5% pitaya peel powder.