الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
“Why can’t I design a building like a tree? A building that makes oxygen, fixes nitrogen, sequesters carbon, distils water, builds soil, accrues solar energy as fuel, makes complex sugars and food, creates microclimates, changes colors with the seasons and self-replicates. This is using nature as a model and a mentor, not as an inconvenience. It’s a delightful prospect” (McDonough1 and Braungart2, 2003) Over the past century, the gap between nature and the built environment has widened as a result of architects’ attempts to dominate nature with the help of technological advancement, machinery, and excessive energy usage. After that; architects noticed that it’s better to work through using technology in applying a friendship with the environment. However, during the last near decades, there was a dramatical change in the way of thinking, shifting from the information age to the knowledge society with new multidisciplinary sciences. Nature has always served as an inspiration for human accomplishments, leading to efficacious materials, structures, and processes and the outcomes have aided surviving generations and continue to assure a sustainable future. So what if nature, contemporary sciences and technology are mixed together creating a new architecture designs and materials to achieve sustainable Green built environment and smart buildings conform to the requirements of the 21st century. Now, many buildings around the world are designed with sustainability basis. However, in Egypt, this is applied in a very small range of buildings. The buildings are the primary consumers of energy and resources. Although, energy efficient new construction applications represent a significant step for the sustainability, but also existing buildings must be subjected to a process of retrofit to create the intended ecological impact. In this Research; A comprehensive review of utilizing Biotechnology in retrofitting universities’ architectural design is discussed that reflects the modern worldwide technological movement to create an eco-friendly university in order to produce a sustainable Bio-Tech architectural design and construction for a university to create a smart educational environment, new educational methodologies through the study and analysis of biology and contemporary scientific technologies as key tools.