الفهرس 
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Abstract
Two hundred fish (100 wild and 100 cultured)were randomly collected from the River Nile at different localities of El-Minia city over a year started from March 2021 until Feburary 2022.The obtained samples included 50 each of tilapia, catfish, bajad and carp fish. Isolated parasites were identified as macroscopic EMC in the gills and microscopic EMC in muscles, in the intestine Icanthochephala spp, Cryptospordium spp and Capillaria spp. The infection rates of macroscopic EMC throughout the year were 5% and 12% in wild and cultured fish, respectively and was identified as Clinostomum phalacrocoracis.While The infection rate of microscopic EMC was 83% and 73% of both wild and cultured fish and was identified as Cynodiplostomum E.M.C and Prohemistomum E.M.C.
Acanthocephalais only isolated from the intestine of Tilapia both wild and cultured. The total infection rate of Cryptospordium spp. was 39% as it was 18%, 64 %, 48%, 26% in Carb, Catfish, Tilapia and Bajad, respectively. Cryptosordium spp. was at the same percent 39% in both wild and cultured fish.
By examining the intestines of mice after conducting an experimental infection with EMC three trematodes were identified as follows:- Prohistoma vivax - Pygidiopsis ginata - Mysostephenius apendkyulites. On the other hand, effect of microwave cooking, AEW and mixture of sodium chloride with two concentrations of potassium lactate (2 and 4 %) on infectivity EMC of O.nilotica were studied through mice bioassay. The obtained results showed that infectivity of EMC was lost at high temperature of microwave cooking (61°C) for 2 and (71°C) for 5 min, while other control measures observed significant reduction in infectivity of EMC but not completely lost.