الفهرس 
• IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Iron deficiency is one of the leading risk factors for disability and death worldwide, affecting about of two billion people. The high prevalence of iron deficiency in the developing world has substantial both health and economic costs, including the following: poor pregnancy outcome, impaired school performance, and decreased productivity).
There are 47% of non-pregnant women and 60% of pregnant women have anemia worldwide, In the industrial world as a whole, anemia prevalence during pregnancy averages 18%, and over 30% of these populations suffer from iron deficiency. The more affected populations are the poor.
The high risk of women of fertile age and pregnant women for incurring negative balance and iron deficiency is due to their increased iron needs because of menstruation and the substantial iron demands of pregnancy.
Iron needs exhibit a progressive increase during the second and especially during the third trimesters when median daily needs increase up to an average of 5.6 mg per day.
There are Negative Effects of iron deficiency anemia on the mother during both Pregnancy and the Perinatal Period that the anemic pregnant woman is at greater risk of death during the perinatal period.
Throughout pregnancy, iron deficiency anemia adversely affects the maternal and fetal well-being, and is linked to increased morbidity and fetal death. the Affected mothers frequently experience breathing difficulties, fainting, tiredness, palpitations, and sleep difficulties
They also have an increased risk of developing perinatal infection, pre-eclampsia, and bleeding. Post-partum cognitive impairment and behavioral difficulties were also reported
There are Adverse perinatal outcomes which include intrauterine growth retardation, prematurity, and low birth weight, all with significant mortality risks, particularly in the developing world
Iron deficiency during the first trimester, has a more negative impact on fetal growth than anemia developing later in pregnancy. There is also a risk of premature labor
Iron is essential for neural metabolism and functioning. Iron deficiency anemia results in changes in energy metabolism within the brain with defects in neurotransmitter function and myelination. Therefore, infants and young children with iron deficiency anemia are at risk of developmental difficulties involving cognitive, social-emotional, and adaptive functions
Many researches have been studied the effect of maternal iron deficiency anemia on their neonatal hemoglobin, but only one study world wide have studied the effect of maternal iron deficiency anemia on neonatal platelet indices . So, we studied the effect of maternal iron deficiency anemia on neonatal platelet indices by blood analysis of cord blood of 55 neonates of anemic mothers and blood analysis of same number of neonates of non anemic mothers to assess the hemoglobin and the platelet indices (APC, MPV, PDW, PLTcrit) in these neonates and we found that, on the effect of maternal iron deficiency anemia on neonatal hemoglobin , in table (3) we found that There was no statistically significant difference between the cord hemoglobin of neonates born to anemic mothers & those born to non anemic mothers. Other studies has been done in Nigeria about the cord blood hemoglobin & ferittin concentration in newborns of anemic & non anemic mothers which found that maternal anemia has significant effects on cord blood haemoglobin and serum ferittin concentrations. That difference between the results of our study and the study done by Adediran and her colleagues that the sample size was different between the studies and the number of cases in Adediran study not equal groups that the number of anemic mothers were and non anemic mothers .
Another study about the effects of maternal anemia on the newborn by assessing the cord blood haemoglobin level by Najeeba and her colleagues. They found that the cord blood hemoglobin values reduces as the hemoglobin level of the mother reduces, but the reduction is not significant and there is no linear correlation between maternal and cord haemoglobin except in reduction in haemoglobin values of cord blood in severe maternal anemia at birth.
The result of our study that no difference between cord hemoglobin of neonates born to anemic mothers & neonates born to non anemic mothers can be explained that newborn was highly dependent on the stored iron acquired from the mother during pregnancy till the age of 6 months, so the visible difference that can be detected not expected at such an early stage of life, but later in life decrease in hemoglobin & anemia prevelance could be visible in the newborns of anemic mothers that the stored iron which acquired from his mother start to be decreased in early infancy, therefore newborns delivered from IDA mothers are more prone for iron deficiency anemia in early infancy than other newborns who were delivered for non anemic mothers.
On the effect of maternal iron deficiency anemia on the neonatal Absolute platelet count (APC), on table (3) we found that the cord APC of neonates born to anemic mothers was significantly lower than cord APC of neonates born to non anemic mothers. other study done by Sirparna and her colleagues found that the cord blood APC of newborn were comparable between newborn of maternal non anemic and those newborns for mothers with mild to moderate anemia but cord APC was significantly lower in newborns for severe maternal anemia group, so moderate thrombocytopenia noticed in neonates born to mothers with severe IDA .
The low cord APC of newborn who was delivered to IDA mother can be explained that while the iron is an essential micronutrient for the growth of the placenta which supply the fetus with his nourishment, so hypoferremia induced placental dysfunction might have led to the suppression of fetal megakaryopoesis.
In our study, we found that the maternal iron deficiency anemia affect the neonatal (PDW) that which demonstrated in table (3) , that The cord PDW of neonates born to anemic mothers was significantly higher than cord PDW of neonates born to non anemic mothers. The other study which done in India have found that the cord blood PDW were comparable between newborn for non anemic mothers and those newborn for mothers with mild to moderate anemia but cord PDW significantly increased in neonates born to mothers with severe IDA. These findings can be explained that PDW is an indicator of volume variability in platelets size and is increased in the presence of platelet anisocytosis & PDW is more specific marker of platelet activation & it increase during platelet activation.
On the effect of maternal iron deficiency anemia on the neonatal (MPV and PLTcrit), on the table (3) we found that there was no statistically significant difference in cord MPV between neonates born to anemic mothers & other neonates born to non anemic mothers and There was no statistically significant difference between the cord platelet crit of neonates born to anemic mothers & those born to non anemic mothers.
A Study was done in India which revealed that the cord MPV & PLTcrit were comparable among the newborn for anemic mothers and non anemic group.
We can conclude that maternal IDA can affect the neonatal hemoglobin by reduction but it’s not significant as shown in other studies results , and can affect the neonatal APC that the cord APC of neonates born to anemic mothers was significantly lower than neonates born to non anemic mothers, also maternal IDA affect the neonatal PDW that the cord PDW of neonates born to anemic mothers was significantly higher than that of neonates born to non anemic mothers as shown by our study and the study done by Sirparna and her colleagues.
We conclude that there was no statistically significant difference in both cord MPV and Cord PLTcrit between neonates born to anemic mothers & other neonates born to non anemic mothers as shown by our study.