الفهرس 
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Abstract
Abstract
Background: Renal impairment is a common presentation in outpatient clinic and emergency room. Early detection and identification of type, severity and duration have great impact on outcome, and help reservation of effort and resources. Carbamylated haemoglobin (CarHb) results from modification of haemoglobin chains by isocyanate that is derived from dissociation of urea and investigated as a marker of uremia.
Study purpose, design, and methods: CarHb is suggested to be useful in detection and differentiation of renal disorders. Our study included 88 persons distributed in the 3 groups
group 1: Subjects with normal KFTs (26 subject)
group 2: Patients with AKI (29 patient).
group 3: Patients with CKD (33 Patient).
CarHb was measured by ELISA technique to assess its level in U/mL.
Results: The mean CarHb differed significantly between the study groups. CarHb ranged from 2 to 4.8 U/ml. The mean of CarHb was 3, 3.5 & 3.8 in groups 1, 2 & 3 respectively. Comparing these means using t –test these differences were significant between group 1 & 2 (p=0.002), between groups 1& 3 (P<0.001), and between groups 2 & 3 (p=0.041). CarHb significantly (p<0.001) correlated with creatinine (r=0.411, moderate positive) and urea level (r=0.408, moderate positive) (p<0.001). A cutoff value of CarHb ≥3.35 U/ml can predict chronicity in renal disorder with sensetivity 90%, specificity 54%.
Conclusion: CarHb level is significantly higher in patient with renal impairment when compared to normal population and in CKD patients more than AKI; So, CarHb level indicates long term exposure to uremic toxins; and may be used to differentiate between AKI and CKD. CarHb level has high sensitivity in diagnosis of CKD; so it’s a good negative test.