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Abstract Drought is a major stress that globally restricting the agricultural expansion and crops productivity. Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) considered as a recalcitrant plant to be regenerated. In this study for improving the dehydration stress tolerance of sesame plant, a LOS5 of Arabidopsis thaliana was introduced to de-embryonated cotyledons of sesame cv. Sohag1 via Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 which harboring the LOS5 gene encode a molybdenum cofactor sulfurase (MCSU), which catalyzes the generation of the sulfurylated form of MoCo, a cofactor required by aldehyde oxidase to functions in the last step of ABA biosynthesis, leading to ABA accumulation in tissues followed by enhancing the drought stress tolerance. The insertion of AtLOS5 was confirmed by PCR and RT-PCR analysis |